生物接触氧化法处理农村河道受污染水体中试研究

为了提高生物接触氧化法修复农村受污染河道水体的处理效果,构建了处理规模为150 m~3/d的河道模拟装置,系统开展了生物接触氧化法处理农村河道受污染水体运行控制参数优化研究。讨论了弹性填料、组合填料、悬浮球填料在较佳工况下对CODCr、NH_4~+-N、TN、TP的去除效果。结果表明:气水比6∶1~8∶1、CODCr容积负荷0.1~0.5 kg/(m~3·d)、水力负荷2.4~7.2 m~3/(m~3·d)时,系统对污染物有较好的去除效果。中试系统较优工况运行时,相较于空白对照,装填填料对各污染物的去除效率提高20%~30%。组合填料对CODCr、NH_4+~-N、TN、TP的去除率分别稳定在74.87%、78.37%、34.39%、44.69%以上,优于弹性填料和悬浮球填料。研究结果可为提高生物接触氧化法对农村河道受污染水体处理效果提供技术支持,对生物接触氧化法修复受损河道水体工程实践具备一定的参考意义。     

生活污水膜处理技术试验研究

对悬浮填料生物膜工艺处理城市生活污水的性能进行了研究．结果表明,在水力停留时间大于8小时,反应器填料投加率为50％条件下,对COD、NH3-N、SS等均有良好的去除效果。悬浮填料生物膜工艺具有挂膜时间短、氨氮去除高、传质效果好、占地面积小及运行维护方便等优点。     

悬浮填料生物反应器石化废水生物硝化研究

采用自行研制的悬浮填料生物反应器中试装置对石油化工废水进行处理.通过6、8、10和12h四个不同水力停留时间的硝化过程取得了不同运行条件下的氨氮去除效果.结果表明,悬浮填料生物反应器完全可以达到生物硝化的目的.当进水中BOD     

硝化-反硝化曝气生物滤池改进工艺处理水产养殖废水

采用出水回流的上流式曝气生物滤池处理模拟水产养殖废水,逐一优化厌氧/好氧(A/O)一体化曝气生物滤池中水力负荷、气水体积比以及硝化液回流比等3个因素,通过分析出水水质确定最佳运行参数.结果表明:1)设定厌氧/好氧区域体积比为1∶1,当工艺中水力负荷为39.86m3·(m~2·d)~(-1),硝化液回流比为200%,气水体积比为2∶1,水力停留时间为1.81h时,污染物去除效果最佳,化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)、氨氮、总氮和总磷的平均去除率分别达71.09%,96.29%,78.26%,17.22%;2)各优化条件下,当A/O体积比为1∶1时,该改进工艺下总氮去除效果可达GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》中的Ⅲ类标准.     

PVF悬浮填料的制备及其污水处理效果的研究

制备了一种新型的高分子多孔载体——活性泡沫填料，它是聚乙烯醇和甲醛的缩聚物(PVF)。其比表面积大、密度接近于水，具有良好的亲生物特性，可作为悬浮填料在移动床工艺中为微生物提供附着生长的载体。研究表明，在复合式生物反应器中加入不同活性炭质量分数的两种活性PVF泡沫填料处理模拟生活污水，其COD的去除率在95%以上，氨氮的去除率为80%左右。在相同的工艺条件下活性炭质量分数为8％的PVF填料COD的去除效果和反硝化效果更为理想。当两填料体系中COD与NH_4⁺-N的质量浓度比为20时，两系统的同时硝化反硝化（SND）效果均为最理想。     

填料类型和曝气条件对生物栅微生物群落的影响

以水生植物和填料为要素构建生物栅装置,用以强化处理富营养化水体.实验采用6m3.d-1的中试规模,7个廊道并联运行,连续进出水.研究不同的填料类型和不同曝气条件下的污染去除效果以及填料生物膜微生物群落结构的变化.结果表明,填料在污染去除中起重要作用,投加填料的反应池CODCr、总氮和氨氮的去除率较无填料对照池分别提高了42.1%~52.2%,24.4%~47.8%和58.7%~71.4%.悬浮填料生物膜微生物相对处于好氧生境,有利于COD和NH4+的好氧氧化去除,而组合填料和新型填料存在兼性厌氧的生境,有利于总氮的去除.采用间歇曝气的方式可以一定程度地提高系统污染去除效率.ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析表明,填料挂膜阶段,3种填料生物膜带型相似,随着系统挂膜成熟及稳定运行,填料生物膜带型分化成两大类型.悬浮填料为一大类型,组合填料和新型填料为另一类型.3种填料生物膜微生物种群丰富度明显提高.间歇曝气的3号和5号条带微生物的种群丰富度高于未曝气的2号和4号,有利于污染物的去除.总之,随着系统的稳定运行,填料生物膜微生物多样性指数显示出逐渐增大的趋势,表明系统中微生物种群趋于多样化,系统处于良好的稳定状态.     

Application of High-Rate Up-Flow Biological Aerated Filter to Pretreatment for Large-Scale Waterworks

为克服氨氮和有机物对饮用水源的微污染,广州市某水厂首次采用了高速给水曝气生物滤池(HUBAF)生物预处理新工艺,处理规模为73.5万m3/d.工程投产稳定运行后,初期3个月原水氨氮和CODMn分别为0.44～2.22 mg/L和1.84～6.06 mg/L,预处理出水分别小于0.5 mg/L和2.0mg/L;原水的铁和锰最高达1.16 mg/L和0.22 mg/L,出厂水最高达0.05 mg/L和0.03 mg/L.HUBAF采用大颗粒轻质陶粒并结合流化床技术,对浑浊度的去除平均仅为2.5 NTU,生物滤池过滤水头损失稳定在1.0m以下.其冲洗方式为气水联合上、下冲洗,冲洗前后各滤池的过滤水头损失差不超过0.1m,为共用1套集中鼓风曝气系统创造了条件.与弹性填料接触氧化池和悬浮球流化池等已投入应用的生物预处理技术相比,HUBAF抗冲击负荷能力强,氨氮硝化率高,除铁除锰能力强.HUBAF-常规工艺生物强化集成技术对有机物的去除率与“臭氧-生物活性炭”给水深度净水工艺处于同一水平.     

高速给水曝气生物滤池应用于大型自来水厂的预处理

为克服氨氮和有机物对饮用水源的微污染,广州市某水厂首次采用了高速给水曝气生物滤池(HUBAF)生物预处理新工艺,处理规模为73.5万m3/d.工程投产稳定运行后,初期3个月原水氨氮和CODMn分别为0.44～2.22 mg/L和1.84～6.06 mg/L,预处理出水分别小于0.5mg/L和2.0mg/L;原水的铁和锰最高达1.16mg/L和0.22mg/L,出厂水最高达0.05mg/L和0.03mg/L.HUBAF采用大颗粒轻质陶粒并结合流化床技术,对浑浊度的去除平均仅为2.5NTU,生物滤池过滤水头损失稳定在1.0 m以下.其冲洗方式为气水联合上、下冲洗,冲洗前后各滤池的过滤水头损失差不超过0.1m,为共用1套集中鼓风曝气系统创造了条件.与弹性填料接触氧化池和悬浮球流化池等已投入应用的生物预处理技术相比,HUBAF抗冲击负荷能力强,氨氮硝化率高,除铁除锰能力强.HUBAF-常规工艺生物强化集成技术对有机物的去除率与"臭氧-生物活性炭"给水深度净水工艺处于同一水平.     

化学生物絮凝-悬浮填料床组合工艺中试装置设计

化学生物絮凝工艺是在同一个反应器内充分发挥化学混凝和生物絮凝作用的污水处理新工艺,悬浮填料床工艺对氨氮的去除具有特殊功能,本文介绍了化学生物絮凝-悬浮填料床组合工艺中试研究装置的设计思路及建设情况,并建立了平行的化学混凝工艺,可以进行化学生物絮凝工艺和化学混凝工艺的比较研究,对该中试装置的工艺流程、各主要构筑物设计参数和设计上的一些特点进行了详细介绍.     

牡蛎壳填料曝气生物滤池去除水源水中的氨氮

采用以牡蛎壳为填料的内循环曝气生物滤池,对模拟水源水中氨氮进行处理,考察了水力停留时间、曝气量、pH值等因素对氨氮去除效果的影响.结果表明,该系统在水力停留时间为4 h,曝气量为2.0 L/min,pH=7.5~8.0的最佳条件下,对氨氮的去除率达到90%以上,出水氨氮浓度达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中Ⅱ类水体的水质标准.可见,牡蛎壳是一种较好的曝气生物滤池填料,内循环可以显著提高曝气生物滤池脱氮效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the