非线性景观特征与表现途径

简述了非线性景观的发展历程,针对当前景观及建筑的表现形式,从材料、空间和形态3个方面归纳出非线性景观的特征,并简要总结了非线性景观设计的表现途径.     

快速城市化地区景观格局对地表热环境的影响研究

以杭州城区为例,基于Landsat8数据完成土地利用分类和地表温度反演,并利用Fragstats软件完成景观格局分析,实现了城市地表温度与绿地景观格局的关联分析.结果表明:1)典型地物的地温均值呈现"林地草地水体裸土建设用地"的趋势.2)建成区绿地破碎度最大、面积最小;林区较为规整,绿地破碎度最小、面积最大.二者景观多样性均偏低.3)绿地景观格局对地表温度影响作用不一.其中,绿地破碎度与分维数普遍与地表温度呈现显著正相关关系;而绿地面积与地表温度均呈现显著负相关关系.由此可见,通过降低城市区域绿地景观的破碎程度,提升其连通完整性,适当降低绿地景观边界的复杂程度和增大绿地面积,可有效缓解城市热岛效应.     

基于GIS的明清小镇景观恢复与规划

在传统技术的基础上,通过GIS技术支持,根据湖南临湘市忠防镇古镇新景区控制性详细规划及其明清街景观相关内容,结合6501新景区及其明清街景观的背景,从明清街景观恢复的整体规划入手,对景观形态、景观空间序列发展和景观中单体建筑形象以至其商业作用和营销方式进行分析,试图找到一个寻求文化传承、保护历史遗存与发展商业营销的最佳契合点.     

留园形态构成分析

中国古典私家园林以其优秀的造园手法闻名于世,而留园则是中国古典私家园林的重要代表作之一,其在建筑设计、场地规划、景观设计、装饰设计等方面无处不体现着古代建筑和造园师对形态构成的重视.本论述从形态构成的定义着手,结合留园在建筑、景观方面的造园特色,从平面构成、立体构成以及色彩构成三大构成要素对留园的形态构成进行逐一分析,充分体现古代建筑和造园者对形态构成手法的巧妙运用.通过这些分析,旨在引起广大建筑和景观设计工作者对形态构成设计原则的足够重视,以期在现代建筑设计和景观设计中更加充分地应用形态构成的设计方法.     

景观构筑物的特征解析

景观构筑物既是建筑,必然具备建筑之普遍性;既是一类特殊的建筑,必然显现出不同于其他类型建筑的特殊性.通过立足于建筑普遍性的基础上考察景观构筑物的特征所在,研究表明:在功能方面,景观构筑物具有单体功能相对单一、群体类型多元之特征;在形态方面,它表现为空间类型模糊、建筑造型灵活、尺度跨度甚广之特征;在技术方面,它显示为3种特征即建筑与结构高契合度、结构实效的目标定位、技术法则的支配地位;在环境方面,它具备因借景观而存在、适应景观与观景双重需求的特征.景观构筑物特征的解析,有助于实现对本体系统而全面的认知,从而进一步完善其理论架构并对创作实践产生积极的引导作用.     

济南南部山区土地利用的时空变化分析

土地覆盖/利用作为地表的主要景观标志,其变化对人类的生产生活有着重要的影响,因此,研究地表覆盖的变化有着重要的意义.近年来,随着遥感技术和地理信息系统的发展,为研究土地覆盖/利用的变化提供了更好的方法和手段.本文选用济南市1995年TM和2003年ETM+两期遥感影像,利用ERDAS软件中图像处理模块及计算机解译模块,分别提取两期影像中的建筑用地、耕地、林地及未利用地;然后使用ERDAS建模模块统计出济南南部山区土地利用面积变化表及转移矩阵表,并得出地学信息图谱.根据地学信息图谱和转移矩阵来监测分析济南南部山区的土地利用时空变化,明确了其变化的主要类型和转移方向,即在1995~2003年间,济南南部山区的土地利用变化主要表现为耕地的不断减少、建筑用地持续增长,其主要流向是从耕地流向建筑用地.     

建筑景观设计的若干思考——建筑景观与人的精神需求的关系

随着城市化进程的加快,对现有建筑景观的改造和规划已成为一个重要课题.深刻了解建筑景观与人的精神需求的关系,将更加有利于景观设计的发展.理解建筑景观的功能和隐喻性的特征,结合建筑景观的背景环境,运用其设计与分析的基本原则对改造建筑景观、城市建设和改造具有相当重要的意义.     

山西南部山体建筑空间形态分析

以晋南铁炉村为研究对象,在对其山地式民居进行深入地调研与测绘的基础上,通过分析其山地聚落空间形态及建筑形态,归纳出晋南山体建筑由于所处地形地貌的特殊性,空间特征明显,形象清晰,无论是从选址、布局、意境追求、景观构建均呈现显著的空间意象和外在景观。在此基础上结合晋南当地“四大八小”:即四幢大房称“四大”,八间耳房称“八小”的民居院落形式,及二层抬梁式单体建筑形式,并利用平行于等高线的上下两条巷道及垂直于等高线的五条夹道将这些携带晋南特色的院落元素有秩序地相结合。构建出晋南地域性、适应性极强的山地民居建筑形式,充分体现了晋南居民与自然和谐共生及对中国传统民居理念的认识和理解。     

以先进水利理念打造城区水利品牌——介绍仙游县兰溪南岸公园建设经验

城市河滩公园建设中不可避免存在资金拼盘困难,同时园内景观布置和防洪、排涝等水务功能建筑也存在矛盾冲突问题.本文介绍了仙游县人民政府如何利用投资学、建筑美学、城市设计学、水工建筑学、给排水学等学科知识,从兰溪南岸公园的资金筹措、开发经营模式到景观设计、水务功能建设如何融入先进的水利理念,构筑着人与自然和谐相处的人文水利景观,使公园在运动、休闲的基础上,包涵着防洪、排涝、排污、亲水等各方面综合功能,表达了科学发展和与时俱进的时代意识.     

触媒理论引导下的乡村微更新设计研究——以马鞍山市含山县六衖村为例

乡村振兴战略的提出为乡村发展创造了新的历史机遇。为了重塑乡村原有活力和风貌,以六衖村为典型案例,在充分剖析其现状的基础上,对触媒理论指导下的村落更新策略展开了探索。通过触媒元素的识别与提取、触媒载体的塑造与激活、触媒效应的控制与指导,构建包含建筑、景观、公共空间和文化4个层面在内的触媒要素更新框架,从提升建筑群体、景观复合构建、优化公共空间、传承历史文脉4个方面提出触媒设计策略。研究表明：触媒理论与村落空间更新具有高度的适配性,为新时期乡村转型提供了新的契机与视角。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-