一种准线性光束平差方法

为了解决光束平差运行速度慢、复杂度高的缺点,提出了一种准线性光束平差方法(QBA),该方法利用深度因子等于投影矩阵的第3行与射影空间点相乘的特性,采用重投影点和已知图像点的代数距离建立目标函数,交替地将投影矩阵和射影空间点两个量中的一个保持不变,线性地求取另一个量,最后完成射影重建.实验结果表明,QBA方法具有较快的收敛速度,同时和传统的Levenberg-Marquat方法及Mahamud方法比较,QBA方法运行时间约是L-M方法的1/8,是Ma-hamud方法的1/3.     

一种线性迭代非刚体射影重建方法

为了从非标定图像序列中重建出三维非刚体的射影结构,提出了一种线性迭代非刚体射影重建方法。该方法将所有图像点放入一个图像矩阵中,利用图像矩阵具有低秩的特性,通过因式分解构造一个线性迭代算法来求解图像点的深度因子,最终通过奇异值分解实现非刚体的射影重建。该方法的优点是:射影重建过程都是线性求解,且将所有图像及图像点都平等地对待,并没有倚重某些图像及图像点。模拟实验结果表明,所提重建方法比经典的Alessio方法重投影误差小18%,比Brand方法小27%;最后的真实实验结果表明,所提的重建方法重投影误差只有1.28个像素,从而验证了所提方法的有效性。     

一种融合点线特征的视觉里程计架构设计与定位实现

基于视觉的同时定位与地图构建（SLAM）技术是实现移动机器人自主导航的关键.当机器人处在陌生环境中时,通常会利用周围目标的点特征来估计导航相机的位姿,并利用光束法平差来估计相机位姿和特征空间位置.但如果环境中的特征信息不丰富,则无法准确估计相机轨迹,且欧式坐标与反深度信息下的光束法平差部分条件下不收敛.为此,提出了一种在缺少特征点的环境下通过收集深度相机信息,同时利用点特征与线特征融合的视觉里程计,构建了融合视差角光束法平差与基于线特征的光束法平差的策略,从而使重投影误差达到最小化.最后与其他基于特征的SLAM系统进行比较,实验结果表明,在缺少特征点的真实环境中,系统位姿估计的性能与准确度得到提升.      

基于L-M算法的射影重建技术研究

在研究已有射影重建算法的基础上，利用L-M算法对基于基础矩阵的射影重建算法得到的线性结果进行优化，提高了算法的估计精度和稳定性，并在求得所有图象对应的投影矩阵后利用Bundle adjustment方法对空间结构及投影矩阵进行全局优化，取得了良好的效果。     

无物方信息的未检校近景影像的方位元素估计

无物方控制信息的未检校立体影像序列只能实现度量重建,而实现度量重建必须恢复内外方位元素,利用层次重建方法,根据三张以上同名像点,用迭代分解算法恢复投影矩阵和结构,然后采用基于绝对二次曲面的自检校方法恢复相机的内方位元素,并进一步得到外方位元素.此方法可以在不需要物方控制的条件下得到统一模型,若有物方控制即可通过绝对定向获取物方坐标,可用于低精度的三维测量,也可作为高精度光束法平差的初值.     

基于LM法的光束法平差巡视器导航定位

光束法平差是一种通过高斯牛顿法进行最优估计的方法,在利用相机图像进行巡视器导航定位时起着重要的作用.为获得在缺少足够控制信息的月面环境下的高精度定位信息,提出一种利用列文伯格-马夸尔特算法(LM算法)代替高斯牛顿算法,进行图像光束法平差的巡视器导航定位方法.根据LM算法的核心思想和巡视器图像的构网特征,构建光束法平差模型,并给出了合适的阻尼策略和验后权估计方法.实验结果表明,基于LM算法的光束法平差巡视器导航定位,可以克服高斯牛顿算法适用性弱的缺点,具有较高的定位精度和理想的收敛速率.     

因式分解的三维非刚体重建方法

为了实现三维非刚体的重建,提出了一种因式分解的三维非刚体重建方法,该方法首先利用图像点和深度因子构成的图像矩阵为低秩的特性,求到相差一个变换矩阵的射影重建;再利用投影矩阵的约束关系,线性地求解出该变换矩阵,完成到欧氏重建的过渡。该方法采用线性方法求变换矩阵,而且在求解过程中将所有图像平等地对待。模拟实验和真实实验数据结果表明,该重建方法具有鲁棒性好、重投影误差小等优点。     

电容成像图像重建算法原理及评价

对现有的电容成像图像重建算法进行了综述并介绍了其原理,其中包括线性反投影法(LBP)、基于奇异值分解(SVD)的直接算法、Tikhonov正则化方法、Newton-Raphson算法、最速下降法、Landweber迭代算法、代数重建技术(ART)、同步迭代重建技术(SIRT)和基于模型的重建算法。在此基础上使用仿真和实验数据对目前主要使用的线性反投影法、基于奇异值分解的直接方法、Tikhonov正则化方法、Tikhonov迭代、投影Landweber迭代等进行了评价。对它们从电容值误差、图像误差、相关系数和耗用时间几个角度进行了比较,并对今后电容成像图像重建算法的发展方向提出了一些看法。     

基于单目增量式稀疏SFM研究与实现

为研究视觉SLAM(Simutaneous Localization and Mapping)以及视觉SFM(Structure From Motion)领域中机器人能低成本重建出可进行语义识别三维场景的问题,借鉴Colmap算法,对重建过程中的部分步骤加以改进,对初始化图像的选择进行了精选,在重建出有误差的三维点云中进行多次基于光束平差法的优化,对无人机拍摄的图像进行重建分析,结果表明,图像在重建的完整度、鲁棒性、精确度以及效率等方面,均取得了较好的效果。     

基于非负矩阵分解的代价敏感特征选择

数据降维可降低分析处理多维数据的复杂度和成本.特征选择是常见的数据降维方法.传统的特征选择算法更多关注算法的分类性能,忽略了对选择过程中产生的测试代价(Cost-test)的考虑.基于此提出一种新的基于非负分解的代价敏感特征选择方法(NmfCt).NmfCt算法构造的目标函数能够同时约束重建误差最小和测试代价最小,在对数据进行预处理降维的同时,不但能确保较好的分类正确率(Accuracy),而且还能保持较低的测试代价.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.