Progress in magnetic couple system of nitroxidemetal complexes

Metal_radical method is an effective approach to synthesizing magnetic molecular materials. With the development in decades, the study of nitroxide_metal complexes has made great progress in model, theoretical treatment and design of molecules. Several mechanisms of the metal_radical magnetic coupling are discussed. Molecular magnetic project of nitroxide_metal complexes has made fruitful achievements, but crystal magnetic project is difficult to be controlled, and it is a challenge to chemists. The studies on nitronyl nitroxide_metal complexes are summarized. At present, there are three major approaches to increasing the T c of the metal_radical compounds: (ⅰ) Searching for nitronyl nitroxide ligands that can yield 3_D ferro_ or ferrimagnetic structures; (ⅱ) decorating the structure of radicals with the aim to enhance the coordinate capability of radicals; (ⅲ) grafting polynitroxide radicals as a versatile bridge. The third approach, namely searching for polynitroxide ligand, will serve as a hopeful strategy for exploring higher T c radical molecule_based magnets.     

Epitaxial growth of Fe/Ag single crystal superlattices and their magnetic properties

Single crystal Fe/Ag(001) superlattices with various periodicities were fabricated using ultrahigh vacuum evaporation deposition. It was found that single crystal bcc Fe layers and single crystal fcc Ag layers can epitaxially grow on a single crystal Ag buffer layer alternately, which was deposited on NaCl single crystal chips by ion beam assisted deposition. The magnetic measurements of the superlattices reveal an oscillation coupling between ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism as a function of the Ag layer thickness. The oscillation period, which is 1 nm (5 Ag layers), is in good agreement with the calculated values when the Ag thickness is greater than 1.5 nm. While the thickness of the Ag spacer layer decreases to 1 nm, the oscillation coupling varies from calculations, which can be attributed to the intermixing of the interlayers according to the annealing results.     

Magnetoresistive behavior and magnetization reversal of NiFe/Cu/CoFe/IrMn spin valve GMRs in nanoscale

The magnetoresistance behavior and the magnetization reversal mode of NiFe/Cu/CoFe/IrMn spin valve giant magnetoresistance (SV-GMR) in nanoscale were investigated experimentally and theoretically by nanosized magnetic simulation methods. Based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, a model with a special gridding was proposed to calculate the giant magnetoresistance ratio (MR) and investigate the magnetization reversal mode. The relationship between MR and the external magnetic field was obtained and analyzed. Studies into the variation of the magnetization distribution reveal that the magnetization reversal mode, that is, the jump variation mode for NiFe/Cu/CoFe/IrMn, depends greatly on the antiferromagnetic coupling behavior between the pinned layer and the antiferromagnetic layer. It is also found that the switching field is almost linear with the exchange coefficient.     

Spatiotemporal variations of Zr/Rb ratio in three last interglacial paleosol profiles across the Chinese Loess Plateau and its implications for climatic interpretation

The ratio of Zirconium to Rubidium （Zr/Rb） is suggested to be a better proxy for the East Asian winter monsoon strength than the widely-used grain size distribution. The rationale for the Zr/Rb proxy relies on the following assumptions： （1） Grain size fractionating characteristics during eolian dust transport should be archived in the Zr/Rb ratio records and this assumption is based on the premise that Zr is preferentially enriched in coarser grain size fraction while Rb tend to be enriched in finer grain size fraction; and （2） post-depositional weathering does not change the Zr/Rb ratio due to the immobility of these two elements. To examine these two assumptions, three last interglacial paleosols （S1） from Dingxi, Tianshui and Lantian, along a NW-SE transect across the Chinese Loess Plateau, were geo- chemically investigated. Our results show that the Rb concentration exhibits an increasing trend along the NW-SE transect both in the paleosol （S1） and the measured portions of the loess units （L1 and L2）, being supportive to the assumption that Rb is enriched in the fine particles. But we also found that Rb loss did occur to some extent in the three profiles, contradicting to the presumption of Rb immobility during pedogenic processes. The Zr concentration exhibits an expected decreasing trend in the measured portions of the loess units and an unexpected increasing trend in the paleosol along the NW-SE transect. Moreover, the ratios of Zirconium to Hafnium （Zr/Hf） show different variation patterns between interglacial and glacial, implying that Zr-bearing minerals and their resident grain size fractions are probably not identical during interglacial and glacial. Thus, the assumption that Zr is enriched in coarse grain size fraction can no longer hold. We conclude that the final Zr/Rb value is not only dependent on grain size sorting processes but also on post-depositional alteration and source prove- nance. Under enhanced chemical weathering, especially when chemical index of alterat     

Electrochemical migration behaviors of lead-free 64Sn-35Bi-1Ag solder on FR-4 PCB board plated with Cu

Electrochemical migration (ECM) characteristic is a new reliability failure. A parallel surfacial electrode system coupling with scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technologies is designed to research ECM behavior of 64Sn-35Bi-1Ag (SBA) solder in 3.5 g/L NaCl solution and compare to that of Sn37Pb and Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC) solders. Results show that SBA solder is more susceptible to ECM failure than Sn37Pb solder, which is more difficult than SAC solder. The affected factors of ECM are given as follows: the solder compositions, the loaded electric field, ECM time, etc. The electrochemical reaction mechanism of ECM process is achieved. EDAX and XRD analyses show that the main contents on dendrites of SBA solder after ECM test are Sn, hardly any Bi, a little Ag, which illustrates that the order of ion migration capacity is shown as follows: Sn Ag Bi.     

Dynamic System for Solving Saddle Point Problems in Hilbert Spaces and Its Application to Neural Computing

This paper studies the existence and uniqueness of solutions and the stability and convergence of a dynamic system for solving saddle point problems (SPP) in Hilbert spaces. The analysis first converts the SPP into a problem of searching for equilibriums of a dynamic system using a criterion for solutions of the SPP, then shows the existence and uniqueness of the solutions by creating a positive function whose Fréchet derivative is decreasing along any solution. The construction of positively invariant subsets gives the global stability and convergence of this dynamic system, that is, the dynamic system globally converges to some exact solution of the SPP. Finally, the paper also shows that the obtained results can be applied to neural computing for solving SPP.     

Propagation Characteristics of Surface Acoustic Waves on LGT and Quartz Substrates

Langatate （LGT） is a novel piezoelectric crystal; its structure is similar to quartz. A numerical analysis of the most important propagation characteristics of surface acoustic waves （ SAW） on LGT and quartz is presented in this paper. The results show that the phase velocity on LGT is slower than that on quartz. Similar to quartz. there are zero temperature cuts and pure module orientations on LGT. The electro-mechanical coupling constant （k2 ） of LGT is larger than that of quartz. The characteristics of SAW on LGT with different material constants are calculated and compared. The results show that there are somewhat deviations with different material constants. Especially. the temperature coefficient of frequency （ TCF） shows a relatively high difference.     

Observations of thermospheric vector wind over Yellow River Station during auroral substorm events

Strong disturbances associated with auroral substorms originate from the ionosphere-magnetosphere owing to the effects of the solar wind, and the wind field in the ionosphere is related to such substorm activity. Here, we describe the analysis of four auroral substorm events, for which we employed an all-sky Fabry-Perot interferometer to observe the two-dimensional horizontal wind field and combined the results with data from an all-sky charge-coupled device imager, a fluxgate magnetometer installed at Yellow River Station, and the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network. The results demonstrate that, during auroral substorms, the vector wind field is related closely to variations in the ion drift and geomagnetic field. Moreover, we observed a changing wind field of approximately 300 rn/s in response to variations in the electric and magnetic fields （likely caused by ion drag） and a disturbance of about 200 m/s that we attribute to the interaction of Joule heating and ion drag.     

A Steady-State Errors Correction Method for Eliminating Measurement Errors

This paper proposes a steady-state errors correction （SSEC） method for eliminating measurement errors.This method is based on the detections of error signal E（s） and output C（s） which generate an expected output R （s）.In comparison with the conventional solutions which are based on detecting the expected output R （s） and output C （s） to obtain error signal E （s）,the measurement errors are eliminated even the error might be at a significant level.Moreover,it is possible that the individual debugging by regulating the coefficient K for every member of the multiple objectives achieves the optimization of the open loop gain.Therefore,this simple method can be applied to the weak coupling and multiple objectives system,which is usually controlled by complex controller.The principle of eliminating measurement errors is derived analytically,and the advantages comparing with the conventional solutions are depicted.Based on the SSEC method analysis,an application of this method for an active power filter （APF） is investigated and the effectiveness and viability of the scheme are demonstrated through the simulation and experimental verifications.     

Corridor effect of the spatial changes of landscape patterns in arid areas： A case study of the river corridor areas in the middle and lower reaches of Tarim River

The river corridor areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River are dominated by the traditional green corridors along the river section from the Qara Reservoir in Yuli County to the Taitema Lake in Ruoqiang County, which plays an important role in the social and economic development in the Tarim River Wate＇rshed with a extremely significant ecological functions. The buffer zones perpendicular to the watercourse were defined along both riversides at a 5-km interval beginning from the watercourse （10 km wider） using the method of the buffer zone analysis. The landscape pattern indexes of each buffer zone were calculated, and the indexes of the main landscape patterns were analyzed so as to reveal the radiative effect and the characteristics of the river corridors on landscape and patch levels. The results show that the radiative width is generally 30 km in the study area, and can be up to 50-70 km in subregion FG1 because the study area is located in two drainage basins, with an ecological interstitial zone between them. The landscapes of woodlands and wetlands are generally distributed within the 10 km buffer zone （it means that the buffer zone is 5 km away from the watercourse; the same hereafter） along both riversides. Moreover, the closer the buffer zone is to the watercourse, the higher the patch density and the largest patch index are. In the ecological and environmental regeneration for the study area, the extent of ecological effect of the river corridors must be fully considered, and the projects must be scientifically and rationally planned and designed.     

Molecular orbital study on antiferromagnetic coupling mechanism in a silver (I) complex

Typically, magnetic interactions between paramagnetic centers through diamagnetic metal ions are negligibly small or weakly antiferromagnetic[1]. However, it has been proven that some metal complexes with organic radical ligands, in which the metal ions are diamagnetic, mediate substantial magnetic interactions. For example, metal complexes with semiquinones[2―4] show that a variety of magnetic interactions depend on metal ions and coordina-tion geometries, and the magnitude of the magnetic i…     

合成氮氧自由基的一种简便方法

报道了一种合成吡啶基氮氧自由基的新方法，与传统方法对比，缩短了反应时间，提高了产率，是合成吡啶基氮氧自由基的一种简便方法．     

铜(Ⅰ)、银(Ⅰ)氮氧自由基配合物磁构效应的理论研究

采用密度泛函结合对称性破损(DFT-BS)方法,研究了铜(Ⅰ)、银(Ⅰ)氮氧自由基配合物磁构效应。计算结果表明,在考察改变两个氮氧自由基二面角(θ)而引起磁交换偶合常数(J)的变化时发现,将AgⅠ和CuⅠ配合物中氮氧自由基的正交排列逐渐转为平行排列,最终都实现由铁磁性偶合转变为反铁磁性偶合,但转变的过程并不完全相同。分子轨道和自旋集居数分析都很好解释了计算结果。分析还表明,AgⅠ和CuⅠ两个结构相似的配合物,磁构效应之所以不同,实际上是由它们的磁偶合机理不同所导致。     

吲哚自由基的合成与晶体结构

以2-硝基丙烷为原料合成中间体2,3-二甲基-2,3-二羟胺基丁烷,然后与3-吲哚甲醛反应,合成了一种结构新颖的吲哚氮氧自由基2-(3′-吲哚基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基咪唑啉-3-氧化-1-氧基自由基(NITIn),其结构通过单晶X射线衍射法测定,该化合物空间群为P2(1)/n,a=1.111 4(7)nm,b=0.993 1(6)nm,c=1.287 7(8)nm,V=1.421 2(15)nm3,Z=4,Mr=272.32,F(000)=576,Dc=1.421 g/cm3.最终结构偏离因子R=0.060 1,Rw=0.135 3.最终差值电子密度的最大值和最小值分别为173 nm-3和-239 nm-3.     

Thymine and adenine derivatives with pyrene, tetrathiafulvalene and nitronyl nitroxide units： Synthesis and formation of ensembles sensing thymine and adenine molecules

1 Introduction It is well known that nucleobases are very important biological molecules. Sensitive and selective probes for nucleotides and nucleobases are highly desirable. A number of modified nucleobases and nucleotides as well as artificial hosts wit…     

一种含硫纤维吸附材料对Ag^＋离子吸附性能的研究

研究了一种含硫的纤维吸附材料对Ag（I）离子的吸附性能,对Ag^＋离子的吸附可达1510mg／g（干纤维）,并具有良好的吸附动力学特性,考察了温度、pH、含硫量等对该纤维材料吸附Ag^＋离子的影响,该纤维材料可用于混合溶液中Ag（I）离子的吸附分离。     

羟基磷灰石负载磷酸银光催化降解染料的研究

采用溶液离子交换法成功制备了羟基磷灰石负载的Ag3PO4复合光催化剂 (Ag3PO4/HA). 对XRD、TEM 对制备出的催化剂进行表征,研究了有光和无光条件下对亚甲基蓝的降解性能,结果表明,Ag3PO4/HA降解性能良好,对银离子的利用效率较纯Ag3PO4高, Ag3PO4/HA的投加剂量,银负载量以及亚甲基蓝溶液的质量浓度对光催化降解效果有很大的影响.     

基于Ag+金属中心的硅钨杂多酸配位聚合物的合成及其电化学性能研究

本文利用水热合成法得到了一种基于银离子金属中心的硅钨杂多酸(H₃SiW₁₂O₄₀)配位聚合物材料([Ag₄(BPB)₄SiW₁₂O₄₀])(简称，化合物1).单晶X-射线衍射分析表明，结构中存在Ag1、Ag2和Ag3三种银离子，分别采用2、3、4配位的方式通过Ag-N键连接有机配体，又通过Ag-O键连接多酸分子. Ag1连接有机配体形成左手、右手螺旋链，并连接多酸分子形成梯形链. Ag2连接有机配体和多酸分子形成二维4,4-sql拓扑格子层，梯形链与格子层共用多酸分子. Ag3连接有机配体形成一维链贯穿于二维层，最终形成整体的三维结构.此外，利用复合改性玻碳电极(GCE)作为工作电极对材料的电化学性能进行了研究.电化学分析结果表明，材料可作为还原NaNO₃的电催化剂.     

葡萄糖氧化酶催化反应动力学特征及其抑制剂

研究了葡萄糖氧化酶—过氧化物酶—４－氨基氨替比林－２,４－二氯苯酚酶偶联反应的动力学性质及一部分金属离子对反应的影响。Ａｇ＋、Ｈｇ２＋离子是该酶催化反应的较强抑制剂,最小抑制浓度分别为５μｇ·Ｌ－１及４ｍｇ·Ｌ－１,Ｉ５０分别为２０μｇ·Ｌ－１及７７ｍｇ·Ｌ－１。