方形钢管混凝土的本构关系

分析了方形钢管混凝土在轴压下的受力机理,将钢管对混凝土的约束作用等效为有效侧向应力。借鉴典型的约束混凝土本构关系,提出了方形钢管混凝土的等效单轴受压本构关系。基于试验结果,讨论确定了所提出的本构关系的几个关键参数和强度指标,即峰值应变修正系数、钢管有效侧向压应力系数、峰值时钢管的横向应力等。采用建议的本构关系计算了轴压下方形钢管混凝土短柱的荷载-应变全过程曲线,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。建议的本构关系可以用于评估方形钢管混凝土短柱的极限承载力和延性。     

方形钢管约束下核芯混凝土的本构关系

分析了方形钢管混凝土在轴压下的受力机理,将钢管对混凝土的约束作用等效为有效侧向应力,借鉴典型的约束混凝土本构模型,提出了方形钢管约束的核芯混凝土的等效单轴受压本构关系。基于试验结果,讨论确定了所提出的本构关系的几个关键参数和强度指标,即峰值应变修正系数、钢管有效侧向压应力系数、峰值时钢管的横向应力等。采用建议的本构关系计算了轴压下方形钢管混凝土短柱的荷载－应变全过程曲线,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。建议的本构关系可以用于评估方形钢管混凝土短柱的极限承载力和延性。     

自应力钢管混凝土中核心混凝土单轴本构关系

普通钢管混凝土短柱核心混凝土的本构关系不能满足自应力钢管混凝土轴压短柱的计算需要.在已有试验的基础上,补做了12根自应力钢管混凝土短柱轴压试验.首先测量了自应力钢管混凝土短柱在限制条件下的膨胀性能;然后对其进行了轴压承载力试验.通过对37根自应力钢管混凝土短柱轴压试验结果进行分解分析,提出一种适用于自应力钢管混凝土短柱轴压计算的等效单轴本构模型,与传统的混凝土本构关系相比,这个本构关系考虑了自应力水平和套箍系数对核心混凝土的影响,并且具有计算简单、方便的特点.     

型钢-钢管混凝土轴压柱核心混凝土应力-应变关系

对型钢-钢管混凝土轴压柱核心混凝土的受力特征进行分析;借鉴典型的约束混凝土本构关系,提出核心混凝土等效单轴受压应力-应变关系模型,该模型考虑了型钢翼缘对核心混凝土约束效应的贡献。利用所建立的核心混凝土应力-应变关系模型,采用数值方法对型钢-钢管混凝土轴压组合柱的荷载-变形关系进行分析。研究结果表明:核心混凝土内部存在双重约束区域,其力学性能与钢管混凝土柱中的核心混凝土存在差异;数值计算结果与试验结果较吻合,表明所提出的核心混凝土应力-应变关系模型能较准确地描述型钢-钢管混凝土轴压柱的受力过程、变形特征和承载能力等基本力学性能。     

CFRP钢管混凝土轴压短柱混凝土本构关系

在钢管混凝土基础上对核心混凝土的本构关系进行修正,得出了适用于CFRP钢管混凝土新型构件的核心混凝土本构关系.使用该混凝土的本构关系,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对CFRP钢管混凝土轴压短柱构件的应力应变关系进行了数值模拟;并作了相应的8根CFRP钢管混凝土和4根钢管混凝土试件的轴压短柱承载力试验研究.数值分析所得曲线与试验所得的曲线吻合良好,证明经过修正的混凝土本构关系是一种适合于CFRP钢管混凝土轴压构件数值分析的混凝土本构关系.     

带约束拉杆方形钢管混凝土短柱延性计算

采用带约束拉杆方形钢管混凝土的本构关系,建立了基于纤维模型法的模拟带约束拉杆方形钢管混凝土短柱承载力-变形全过程曲线的非线性分析方法,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好.利用经试验验证的计算程序对带约束拉杆方形钢管混凝土短柱的单向和双向偏压延性进行较系统的参数分析,回归了带约束拉杆方形钢管混凝土单向和双向偏压延性简化计算公式,公式的计算精度高,形式简单.     

基于统一理论的带拉杆方、矩形CFT轴压承载力

在钢管混凝土统一理论基础上,结合配置约束拉杆的方形和矩形钢管混凝土短柱轴压试验结果,通过研究带拉杆方形钢管混凝土的拉杆约束系数与轴压承载力之间的关系,修正统一理论轴压承载力公式,得出带拉杆方形钢管混凝土轴压承载力计算公式.对于带单向拉杆矩形钢管混凝土,提出将矩形截面以拉杆为界线划分为几个子区域,并将拉杆视为等效钢板,采用统一理论计算公式计算每个子区域的轴压承载力,叠加后得出带拉杆矩形钢管混凝土轴压承载力计算公式.以上两个修正公式均考虑了拉杆的影响,拓宽了统一理论计算公式的适用性,分别用其计算的带拉杆的方形和矩形钢管混凝土轴压承载力与试验结果吻合良好.     

圆端形椭圆钢管约束混凝土本构关系等效方法和轴压性能研究

目前国内外对圆端形椭圆钢管混凝土柱的受力性能研究尚不系统,缺乏合理的圆端形椭圆钢管约束核心混凝土本构关系模型。为了解决核心混凝土本构关系问题,文章提出一种计算圆端形椭圆钢管约束核心混凝土本构关系的简化等效方法,用试验结果验证了该方法的可行性和准确性。采用ABAQUS有限元程序建立了圆端形椭圆钢管混凝土轴压短柱的数值分析模型,研究了诸多参数对圆端形椭圆钢管混凝土轴压承载力的影响,揭示了圆端形椭圆钢管混凝土短柱的破坏模式和受力机理。研究结果表明:圆端形椭圆钢管混凝土短柱在轴压作用下的破坏模式主要包括中部鼓曲破坏、端部鼓曲破坏和多带鼓曲破坏;其轴压受力特征均与约束效应系数有关;圆端形椭圆钢管混凝土短柱的轴压极限承载力随混凝土强度、钢材强度及截面尺寸的增大而增大。研究结果可为圆端形椭圆钢管混凝土柱理论研究和工程应用提供参考。     

带约束拉杆方形钢管混凝土柱偏压承载力特性

采用带约束拉杆方形钢管混凝土的本构关系,利用基于纤维模型法的非线性分析程序对带约束拉杆方形钢管混凝土短柱承载力进行数值计算,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。对带约束拉杆方形钢管混凝土偏压短柱进行参数分析的结果表明,随着约束拉杆间距的减少、直径的增大,偏压短柱的极限承载力增大;随着钢管壁厚的增大,偏压短柱的N/Nu-M/Mu曲线往内收拢;随着混凝土强度和钢材强度的提高,偏压短柱的N/Nu-M/Mu曲线向外凸出;双向偏压短柱的极限承载力在最大主惯性轴方向达到最大,在最小主惯性轴方向达到最小;各参数对单向偏压和双向偏压短柱的N/Nu-M/Mu曲线的影响相类似。     

酸雨侵蚀箍筋约束混凝土本构模型研究

采用人工气候环境模拟技术模拟酸雨环境,对15组箍筋约束混凝土棱柱体试件进行加速腐蚀,进而进行轴压试验,研究了箍筋锈蚀对约束混凝土破坏形态、峰值应力、峰值应变、极限应变和应力-应变曲线形状的影响.基于Mander模型及现有研究成果,确定了未腐蚀试件本构模型峰值应力、峰值应变、极限应变和形状系数等参数的计算公式,并通过对试验结果的回归分析,得到了考虑箍筋锈蚀率影响的形状系数和各特征点参数修正系数拟合公式,最终建立了酸雨侵蚀箍筋约束混凝土本构模型.与试验结果对比发现,采用该模型计算得到的各试件峰值应力、峰值应变、极限应变及应力-应变曲线形状均与试验结果符合较好,表明所建立的本构模型能较为准确地反映遭受酸雨侵蚀箍筋约束混凝土力学性能,可用于该环境下RC结构剩余承载力及抗震性能评估.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-