基于SVM的车牌字符识别算法研究

SVM可在训练样本很少的情况下获得很好的分类推广能力。首先分析了用多类SVM算法对车牌中的字符进行识别时存在不可区分的区域问题和采用模糊SVM算法解决该问题的办法,然后讨论了字符特征的提取方法,并根据我国车牌字符的特点分别设计了汉字、字母、数字、字母/数字4个基于模糊多类SVM的字符分类器。最后在MATLAB环境下,采用径向基核函数对算法进行学习训练。实验测试结果表明,该方法可以很好的提高字符识别的速率和效率。     

改进深度学习的车牌字符识别技术

针对传统车牌字符检测方法存在效率低、可靠性差的情况,提出应用Haar级联检测结合深度学习方法的卷积神经网络车牌字符识别法.首先采用Haar级联分类器提取出图片中车牌的位置,通过灰度、阈值、腐蚀、膨胀等预处理提取出车牌字符;然后收集字符数据,对CNN神经网络在角度倾斜、光照变化和噪声污染复杂条件下进行训练,使用训练后得到的模型对车牌字符图片进行识别.实验结果表明,该方法识别车牌字符正确率较高,在角度倾斜、光照变化等噪声污染条件下的准确性和稳定性较好,能够有效地降低车标识别的错误率.     

基于改进深度学习的车牌字符识别技术研究

为解决传统车牌字符检测方法可靠性差、效率低的问题,提出采用haar级联检测结合深度学习方法的卷积神经网络车牌字符识别方法。采用haar级联分类器提取出图片中车牌的位置,通过灰度、阈值、腐蚀、膨胀等预处理技术提取出车牌字符;通过收集字符数据,对CNN神经网络在角度倾斜、光照变化和噪声污染条件下进行训练,使用训练后得到的模型对车牌字符图片进行识别。实验结果表明, 该方法识别车牌字符正确率较高,在角度倾斜、光照变化和噪声污染条件下的准确性和稳定性较好,能够有效地降低车标识别的错误率。     

基于贝叶斯网络分类器的车牌相似字符识别

相似字符识别率低会影响整个车牌识别系统的性能,而相似字符之间只有局部特征差异较大,并且相似字符样本数目多少差异较大,目前常用的分类器表现得都不稳定.贝叶斯网络分类器充分利用和综合先验知识与样本信息,无论实验样本和特征数目多少,表现得都很稳定.通过使用几千个测试样本对分类器进行测试,并与其他分类器的识别结果作比较.实验结果表明,在相同的特征下,与AdaBoost分类器、BP神经网络分类器、SVM分类器相比,贝叶斯网络分类器对车牌相似字符的识别有较高的识别率和更高的稳定性.     

基于Adaboost和SIFT-SVM的两阶段车牌检测

车牌识别技术是智能交通系统中研究的重要课题之一,车牌检测是整个车牌识别系统至关重要的一步,决定着最终的识别率。该文主要研究了车牌检测技术,应用了一种分两阶段的方法来检测现实生活中的车牌图像。车牌检测(LPD)过程中,可能牌照的字符区域的初始集合,首先由第一级分类器分离,然后传递到第二级分类器来排除非字符区域。36个Adaboost分类器作为第一阶段分类。在第二阶段,从训练子窗口得到的SIFT特征描述符训练了SVM。结果得到了可观的准确率和召回率。     

一种基于KNN与改进SVM的车牌字符识别算法

提出了一种将KNN(K近邻)和支持向量机相结合的字符识别算法.首先用KNN对字符进行判断,如果输出的置信度大于阈值,则认为分类正确;如果小于阈值则采用支持向量机进行判决.改进了SVM分类器,通过调整支持向量机的分类超平面改进了支持向量机的性能.将算法应用到实际的车牌字符识别中,识别结果表明,这种方法在提高识别速度的同时,有效提高了字符的识别精度.     

基于字符块提取的车牌字符分割算法

为了解决车牌图像倾斜、背景复杂、分割过程中出现的字符间粘连、断裂等问题,提出简便有效抗干扰强的基于字符块提取的车牌字符分割算法,以此提升车牌字符的识别效果.通过车牌图像二值化处理、倾斜矫正、去除干扰以及字符块提取一系列步骤,实现车牌识别前对车牌字符的准确有效分割.实验结果表明,该车牌字符分割方法可靠、准确度高,为后续车牌字符的正确识别奠定基础.     

基于HSV和MB_LBP特征的级联Adaboost车牌检测算法

车牌检测作为车牌识别系统中的重要环节,直接影响着车牌识别的准确度.为提高车牌的检测率和检测速度,提出了一种基于HSV颜色模型和多分块局部二值模式(MB_LBP)特征的级联Adaboost车牌检测方法.首先将车牌图像由RGB颜色空间转换到HSV颜色空间,统计蓝色像素占车牌总像素的比例,来构建第一层强分类器;其次对车牌字符样本提取MB_LBP特征,利用Adaboost分类器训练方法进行特征选择及分类器训练,最后利用Cascade结构检测法形成一种新的车牌检测算法.实验表明,本文算法有效的提高了车牌检测率和检测速度.     

基于Gabor特征和协同神经网络的车牌识别方法

研究了车牌字符识别问题,针对车牌识别系统易受天气及光照变化影响的实际应用,将Gabor特征和协同神经网络应用在车牌字符识别中,提高了识别率.首先对车牌字符进行二值化和切分,然后利用Gabor滤波器提取车牌字符的特征参数;再利用协同模式训练特征参数,进而得出训练样本;最后根据协同神经网络进一步识别车牌字符.通过大量仿真实验表明,该方法在不同场景、光照条件下,与传统方法相比,识别率有了较大改进,该方法在车牌识别领域有较强的实用性.     

基于字符笔画斜率特征的车牌识别算法研究

车牌字符识别是车牌智能识别系统中的关键技术之一,为了提高车牌字符识别准确率和实时性,提出了一种基于车牌字符笔画斜率特征的字符识别算法,新算法在对准确分割后的车牌字符图像进行归一化、二值化和细化等预处理后,提取车牌字符笔画像素点的斜率值,再将斜率值构造成识别向量,进而通过计算特征向量的夹角值实现待识别字符与标准模板字符的相似度判断;实验结果表明,新的算法与已有的传统字符识别算法相比,既提高了识别准确率,又降低了识别耗时,结果满足实际工程应用需要.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.