中药半枝莲中黄酮类化合物的抗氧化活性

采用体积分数为70%的乙醇索氏提取法提取了中药半枝莲中的黄酮类化合物,并对其抗氧化活性进行了测定.结果表明,半枝莲中黄酮类化合物有较强的清除羟基自由基的能力,其还原能力与人工合成抗氧化剂BHT相当,表现出很强的抗氧化活性.     

橘皮黄酮提取的响应面优化及抗氧化活性研究

以黄酮得率为指标,采用Box-Behnken中心组合实验和响应面分析法,研究了料液比、提取温度和提取时间对橘皮中黄酮类化合物提取的影响;用AB-8型大孔吸附树脂为色谱柱填充料,对橘皮黄酮提取物进行了纯化;以橘皮黄酮对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基、羟基自由基的清除率为指标,研究了橘皮黄酮的体外抗氧化活性.结果表明：橘皮黄酮的适宜提取工艺是以水为提取溶剂、料液比为1∶38（g/mL）、于99℃浸提2 h,该条件下橘皮黄酮的最大得率为11.028 mg/g;AB-8型大孔吸附树脂对橘皮黄酮类化合物的纯化效果明显,纯化后橘皮黄酮的纯度提高了383.312%;对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基清除率的半抑制浓度（IC50）分别为0.019和0.557 mg/mL,纯化后橘皮黄酮对DPPH和羟基自由基的清除能力分别提高了96.185%和65.122%,表明橘皮黄酮是一种良好的天然抗氧化剂.     

米口袋清除自由基活性及其成分研究

为了研究中草药米口袋的清除自由基活性及其成分,用2∶1的甲醇:氯仿超声提取米口袋成分,并用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次进行萃取,利用DPPH法、邻二氮菲-Fe2 氧化法和AP-TEMED法进行清除自由基活性实验,同时与合成抗氧化剂BHT进行对照。结果显示乙酸乙酯提取物(EAF)具有最高的清除自由基活性,大于人工合成抗氧化剂BHT。利用硅胶,RP-18和Sephadex LH-20对其进行活性追踪分离,得到3种纯的清除自由基活性成分。利用1D、2DNMR和ESI-MS对其结构进行鉴定。结果显示为槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖甙,芹菜素和4',7-二羟基黄酮。抗氧化活性大小顺序为槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖甙>芹菜素>4',7-二羟基黄酮>EAF>BHT。含酚羟基化合物的清除自由基活性与其结构密切相关。活性大小主要取决于酚羟基的数目。本研究结果证明:米口袋及其活性成分具有很强的清除自由基作用。可作为一种高效的新型清除自由基天然食品添加剂使用,具有广泛的应用前景。     

香蕉果皮黄酮抗氧化活性研究

以香蕉果皮黄酮粗提物和纯化物为研究对象,通过测定其处理食用猪油后的过氧化值、对超氧阴离子自由基(O2.-)和羟基自由基(.OH)的清除率及其还原能力,研究了香蕉果皮黄酮的抗氧化活性.结果表明:纯化前和纯化后的香蕉果皮黄酮均有较强的抗氧化作用,除了清除羟基自由基(.OH)的活性是后者强于前者外,其余的抗氧化性能显示为前者强于后者.随着黄酮添加量的增加,其抗氧化性能也明显增强.总体上,香蕉果皮黄酮的抗氧化活性强于茶多酚和二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT).     

几种玉米须黄酮分子结构性质及抗氧化活性的量子化学研究

采用理论计算化学手段结合分子动力学与量子化学方法,对玉米须相关的几种黄酮类化合物槲皮素、木犀草素、芹菜素分子结构和活性进行了理论计算.从几何结构、自由基稳定性、前线轨道能等角度分析了影响黄酮类化合物抗氧化活性的因素.在分子层面上探讨了玉米须黄酮的抗氧化作用机理,预测的黄酮类化合物的抗氧化活性与实验结果一致.     

黄酮类化合物抗氧化活性理论研究

运用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP方法对柯因、高良姜素、山奈酚、桑色素、槲皮素及杨梅酮这6种典型黄酮类化合物进行结构优化及单点能计算,来研究这6种化合物的抗氧化活性.本文从化合物失去最大可能活性位H原子形成半醌式自由基前后的生成热之差(⊿HOF)、失去酚羟基H原子形成的自由基的原子自旋密度、化合物分子中酚羟基数目及形成的半醌式自由基中可形成氢键数目3个方面进行分析.发现这6种黄酮类化合物的抗氧化活性顺序为:杨梅酮>槲皮素>桑色素>山奈酚>高良姜素>柯因.此外,还探讨了化合物的几何构型及最高占据轨道与抗氧化活性间是否存在关联,结果表明它们之间无相关性.     

黄酮类化合物抗氧化性与其构效的关系

黄酮类化合物是一类在植物界广泛分布的酚性组分，目前已知的黄酮类化合物单体已达8000多种。众多研究表明黄酮类有抗突变、抗肿瘤、抗炎、治疗心血管疾病等广泛生物学活性，其中最为重要的是它减少自由基形成和清除自由基的抗氧化活性，而黄酮类化合物的抗氧化活性与其结构有着密切的关系。针对近几年在黄酮类物质抗氧化作用与其结构关系方面的研究作一综述，主要从黄酮类化合物中羟基的位置、数目及其不同取代等方面对黄酮类化合物抗氧化作用的影响，旨在为黄酮类化合物的研究、开发、应用提供参考。     

大孔吸附树脂提取粗壮女贞苦丁茶总黄酮及抗氧化活性

目的:研究大孔吸附树脂分离纯化苦丁茶总黄酮的最佳工艺及黄酮化合物的抗氧化活性.方法:采用大孔吸附树脂法获得总黄酮.利用紫外分光光度法测定苦丁茶总黄酮不同浓度下在体外对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基和ABTS自由基的清除能力.结果:大孔吸附树脂提取最佳工艺为上样流速为3 mL/min,上样浓度为1.2 mg/mL,其黄酮类化合物在体外抗氧化的能力包括ABTS自由基、DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基,在不同浓度下的最大清除能力分别为88.65%、87.94%、89.11%和73.21%.结论:总黄酮对4种自由基有良好的清除效果.     

3-烃基黄酮合成方法的研究进展

天然黄酮类化合物是重要的生物活性化合物,尤其是天然3-烃基黄酮类化合物,最近对其合成的研究关注度逐渐上升,已经有多篇文献报道了它们的合成.按照反应原料的不同,按单酮、黄酮醇、黄酮、苯酚、1,3-二酮和查尔酮的顺序综述了国内外3-位烃基黄酮合成方法的研究进展.     

天然黄酮类化合物清除自由基机理及其应用进展

黄酮类化合物在植物资源中具有广泛的分布,其清除自由基作用使其可用作天然抗氧剂.介绍了机体内自由基形成以及抗氧剂清除自由基的机理,讨论了黄酮化合物的化学结构特征和其清除自由基的构效关系.在应用方面,天然黄酮化合物具有广谱的清除自由基药理作用,还可用在食品的抗氧化领域和化妆品的清除自由基、紫外吸收等方面.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.