景物空间的镜面反射(折射)现象绘制方法

为了提高视点相关的镜面反射(折射)现象的绘制速度和绘制质量,提出了计算任意曲面反射(折射)光学映射虚物体的方法。该方法根据实际物体在反射/折射体中所成的像创建虚物体,利用图形加速硬件像处理实际三维物体一样绘制这些虚物体,将得到的关于虚物体的图像与实际反射/折射体的图像相混合,就可以得到有反射/折射效果的最终图像。实验结果表明:该方法可以克服光线跟踪方法当空间点采样不足时所带来的走样问题。该方法利用图形硬件加速,提高了绘制的速度。     

基于光线跟踪的一般辐射度方法研究

通过对目前主要采用的两种真实感图形绘制技术—光线跟踪技术和辐射度方法的研究；在将光线跟踪技术和辐射度方法相结合，更有效地模拟光能在物体表面间的镜面反射、透射和漫反射光照效应方面，本文做了较深入的讨论；对非理想漫射的一般环境，给出了基于光线跟踪的一般辐射度方法及其逐步求精选代的算法。     

基于图形硬件加速的并行绘制

并行方法是绘制大规模复杂场景的真实感图形的有效手段之一。特别是随着图形加速硬件的普及和性能提高,基于图形硬件加速的并行绘制成为当前的研究热点之一。本文介绍了目前主要的基于图形硬件的并行绘制技术,并对这些方法的特性分别进行了论述。最后,指出了这类方法的优点以及存在的问题和解决方案。     

现实反馈的仿真算法研究

指出虚拟现实和仿真的方法已在多个工业领域中得到应用,但目前仿真应用都有一个特点:缺少现实反馈信息指导仿真场景的绘制,控制信息只能单向传输.而在很多领域的应用中,仿真场景需要"忠于"现实场景,从而需要一个信息从现实反馈的方法.现实反馈的关键问题就是如何使仿真场景中物体始终与现实中的对应物体一致,包括形状一致和位置一致.针对此问题,提出一种方法,即通过精确建模保证形状一致,通过合适的模型变换保证位置一致.模型变换矩阵的计算方法是:定义和测量物体上的3个控制点,根据三点的模型坐标和世界坐标计算.利用这种算法构建实时仿真场景的数据要求是:预先建造好的零部件模型;每个刚性部件需测量反馈3个控制点的坐标.这种算法可作为仿真监控系统的数学基础.     

图形硬件加速的实时阴影生成方法

针对虚拟环境中阴影计算时间耗费较大的问题,提出了利用图形硬件特性加速阴影绘制的方法.算法基于图像空间,采用三遍绘制方法.第3遍绘制用于计算物体的真实感光照,并对阴影边界的走样现象进行了处理.利用硬件的图形处理单元GPU的处理能力和OpenGL特性扩展,在GPU编程和通用OpenGL实现两个层次上进行了实验,实验结果表明,三遍绘制方法产生的光照和阴影效果更真实,得到的阴影边界更平滑.     

基于IFS分形树的模拟

分形理论是利用分数维数的数学方法来描述和研究客观事物。利用分形可以模拟出逼真的自然景物,解决了计算机对复杂自然景物建模困难的问题。IFS迭代函数系统模型是产生分形图形的重要方法之一。根据IFS模型构建分形图形的方法和原理,通过观察树木等自然景物的特征,抽象出一种自然界树木的形状,利用拼贴的方法计算出该树木的IFS码,并用VC++作为工具实现对树木的绘制。通过树木绘制实例详细介绍了绘制的过程、颜色问题的改善和迭代次数及伴随概率对图形的显示效果的影响。由于迭代函数系统模型是通过绘制迭代点来生成图形的,对于点的颜色设置要么单一要么比较杂乱,因此对绘制过程中如何设置迭代点的颜色提出了改善办法。根据程序最终的显示效果,生成图形符合预期的形状,经过颜色改善后的图形效果更加逼真。     

基于非真实感绘制技术的实时阴影渲染

在基于非真实感绘制的实时场景渲染过程中,为了达到更逼真的效果,三维物体在光照作用下产生的阴影需要被实时绘制并能够体现设计者的风格。本文利用现代可编程图形显示硬件技术,提出了一种基于阴影线算法的阴影绘制方法,与采用传统的阴影图方法绘制阴影的效果相比较,该方法具有更好的艺术效果。     

基于混合式绘制技术的分布式虚拟环境系统

给出了一个基于分布式计算技术的虚拟环境原型系统.系统根据当前摄像机的运动趋势,首先利用预测技术实时地确定下帧图象摄像机的方位,然后分布式地采用基于几何的快速绘制算法来生成预测图象,最后采用图象warping算法来实时生成前后预测图象间的画面过渡.由于引入了几何信息,因而本系统允许用户对虚拟景物进行直接交互操作,从而克服了传统基于图象的图形绘制技术只能处理静态场景的缺陷.实验结果表明,本系统对场景复杂性的依赖程度低,能在中等计算能力的工作站上实现复杂场景的实时交互.     

基于GPU粒子系统的烟花实时仿真

烟花的仿真对于烟花燃放编排、动画游戏、影视特效等有着非常重要的应用.基于粒子系统可以进行烟花的模拟,但粒子数较多时常常绘制速度较慢.引进最新发展的图形硬件加速绘制技术,提出了一种基于GPU(GraphicProcess Unit)粒子系统的烟花绘制技术,并构架实现了一个实时的烟花仿真系统,实现了不同烟花燃放场景的真实感仿真.     

点绘制技术在图形绘制中的应用

在基于点的图形绘制技术中，作为绘制基本元素的是点．点绘制是传统的基于三角网格绘制的重要补充．文章介绍了基于点绘制技术的原理和比较有代表性的点绘制方法，探讨了外形非常复杂的不规则几何体在计算机图形绘制中生成的物体表面空洞的处理方法．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.