Man and Nature in Chinese and Western Traditions

The Chinese conception of ＂oneness with man and heaven＂and the Western tradition of man’s separation from nature accompanied by a subject- object dichotomy are the cores of each culture, which largely decides the discrepancy in various aspects of the Chinese and Western ways. To have an embedded and penetrating idea about the differences between the two cultures, it is necessary to gain sufficient knowledge of man- nature relation in dominant Chinese and Western conceptions. This paper aims to explore this issue from the perspective of Taoism and Confucianism in Chinese context, and ancient Greek and Hebraic heritage and modern mechanical view in Western tradition.     

Multiuser detection and independent component analysis-Progress and perspective

The latest progress in the multiuser detection and independent component analysis (ICA) is reviewed systematically. Then two novel classes of multiuser detection methods based on ICA algorithms and feedforward neural networks are proposed. Theoretical analysis and computer simulation show that ICA algorithms are effective to detect multiuser signals in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system. The performances of these methods are not identical entirely in various channels, but all of them are robust, efficient, fast and suitable for real-time implementations.     

Grammar and Communication

Instead of being a boring subject, grammar is in fact one of the most exciting, creative, relevant subjects. It is sometimes described as the skeleton of a language, but it is much more than bones. It is the language's heartbeat, for without grammar; there can be no meaningful or effective communication. And grammar has different definitions and categories according to different contexts. By first reviewing the past linguists, especially those grammarians and their research, the paper makes some comparisons between some categories of grammar and puts forward that there is no 'good' or 'bad' grammar but knowing grammar or knowing about grammar really has a close relationship with effective communication.     

Function and interaction of maturation-promoting factor and mitogen-activated protein kinase during meiotic maturation and fertilization of oocyte

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) cascade and maturation-promoting factor (MPF) play very important roles during meiotic maturation and fertilization of oocyte. Interaction between MAP kinase and MPF influences meiotic maturation and fertilization of oocyte throughout the animal kingdom, including stimulation of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), suppression of DNA replication, control of meiotic chromosome segregation, maintenance of metaphase II arrest, and resumption and completion of second meiosis. This review focuses on the function and interaction of MAP kinase and MPF during meiotic maturation and fertilization of oocyte.     

Ring-opening and Elimination Cooligomerization of Cyclic Carbonates and e-Caprolactone

Cyclic carbonates e.g. ethylene- and propylene carbonate undergo ring-opening polymerization （ROP） at elevated temperatures （ 〉 100 ℃ ） in the presence of initiators such as Lewis acids, bases, or transesterification catalysts to yield poly（ether carbonates） as outlined below. See Fig. 1.     

Synthesis of Telechelic Polyisobutylenes and Polyethers and Their Characterization

Telechelic polymers have attained great consideration as building blocks in the synthesis of block copolymers and networks. Telechelic polymers with various endgroups are also widely used materials for the preparation of polymeric prodrugs. Several methods have been reported to obtain functionalized polymers from the corresponding polyisobutylene （PIB） and polyether derivatives. In this presentation, we will demonstrate very versatile and powerful synthetic methods to obtain telechelic polymers.     

ERP dissociation and connection between implicit and explicit memory

ERP dissociations between implicit and explicit memory have been confirmed by a large amount of evidence in theories of human memory. However, similarities between the two forms of memory have scarcely been studied. A possibility is that while implicit memory and explicit memory have independ- ent components, they might additionally have shared components. To explore this question, an ERP experiment was conducted with a study-to-test paradigm, in which participants performed a "shallow" (color) study task or a "deep" (pleasant) study task, followed by either a lexical decision (implicit) test (Section 1) or a recognition (explicit) test (Section 2). An interference task was performed concurrently with either the encoding or the retrieval phase of the memory task for encoding interference condition or retrieval interference condition. We compared ERP signatures of implicit and explicit memory as a function of depth of processing or interference. Under the action of the same variables, 300―500 ms old/new ERP effects of implicit and explicit memory showed the same trend. These effects maybe all link with a perceptual representational system. 500―700 ms old/new ERP effects of the two memories were dissociated. They may probably reflect voluntary and involuntary recollection respectively. These results suggested that implicit and explicit memories are not completely independent of each other, but have both independent and shared components.     

Language and Sexism

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Aims and Scope

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences aims to promote rapid communication and exchange be-     

Intercultural Differences and Communicatio

语言不仅仅是一种符号系统 ,语言与文化有着密不可分的关系。本文对语言、文化和交际之间的关系进行了阐释 ,从言语 (包括词汇、语用、语篇等层面 )和非言语两方面分析了语言使用的文化差异 ,并说明了增强文化意识 ,培养社会语言能力 ,以实现成功交际的迫切性。     

Lamins and their genes

The nuclear lamina is an important nuclear structure. The studies on its peptides lamins and genes have made substantial progress in recent years. In this paper, the new achievements in studies of new lamin members and their functions, lamin genes and their origin and differentiation, are reviewed and discussed. Some research areas that deserve to be investigated further are put forward.     

Retrospect and prospect: advances and future strategies in climate research

A brief review of the progress in climate research and a prospect on its further development in the 21st century is presented. Some key findings including the concept of climate system, the discovery of climatic multi-equilibrium and abrupt climate changes, and the recognition of human activities as an important force of climate change made breakthroughs in climatology possible during last few decades. The adaptation to climatic and global change emerged as a new aspect of climatic research during the 1990s. Climate research will break through in the observation of the global system, in the analysis of mass data, in the deepening of research on the mechanism of climatic change, and in the improvement of models. In the applied fields of climate research, there will be substantial progress in the research on adaptation to global change and sustainable development, on orderly human activities, and climate modification.     

Pragmatics and Language Learning

语用学作为一门新兴的科学已被确认。经过许多国家的学者们的探索和研究,形成了许多语用学的观点和理论,使人们能够从全新的角度认识语言和使用语言。尤其是语言行为理论和语境理论不仅改变着人们对语言的认识和运用,同时也深刻的影响着语言的学习。本文论及某些语用学的理论对外语学习的影响。     

The Frontier Movement and The American Values and Beliefs

This paper briefly accounts the background of American values and beliefs. It analyses the essence of the American ideals and points out that the American values are exaggerated and glamorized by the American upper class. They are in a sense, a dose of anaesthetic and a kind of hypocrisy.     

Synthesis, characterization and properties of diamidodisilanes and azocyclosilane

Organosilicon compounds have been widely researched and have the maximum species besides hydrocarbons. In the progress of the research work, many scientists pay attention to the organic silicon compounds that have vari-ety reactive functional groups[1,2]. The difunctional disi-lanes are very active; they could react with not only the compounds containing reactive hydrogen atoms, but also the reactive polymers. Therefore, the disilanes with di-functional groups could be used as disilane substit…     

Glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid receptors and their characteristics in retina

Glutamate and Ⅱ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are important neurotransmitters in the retinal neuronal circuitry. Using the whole-cell patch clamp technique and a rapid solution changer, glutamate and GABA receptors in the retina have been extensively investigated. Results indicate that glutamate receptors on horizontal cells may be an AMPA preferring subtype, which predominantly consists of flop splice variants. GABAA and GABAC receptors coexist in bipolar cells, with the latter showing significant desensitization. Kinetics analysis has demonstrated that the activation, deactivation and desensitization of the GABAC receptor-mediated response of these cells are overall slower than those of the GABAA response. Endogenous modulator Zn2 + in the retina has been found to differentially modulate the kinetic characteristics of the GABAC and GABAA responses.     

Distribution and correlation analysis of wildfire and weather data in Japan

To establish the wildfire danger rating system, detailed data of wildfire and some related parameters such as weather,population and tree species are required. In this paper, the raw data of weather parameters in Japan are first expanded into more detailed data. The daily value of each weather parameter in each third-level mesh, which is about 1 km × 1 km in size, from year 1999 to 2000 is calculated by means of inverse distance weighted interpolation. Expansion results for third-level meshes are demonstrated. Fire probability for each parameter is calculated and analyzed. It is found that the dependency relation of fire probability on some parameters have surprisingly regular format. The data calculated and analyzed in the paper and the results may act as a basic database for wildfire researchers, and are expected to promote the study of wildfire danger rating method and the development of such systems.     

基于Douglas and ADIM and Peaceman-rachford方案的光束传播法

Douglas and ADIM and Peaceman-rachford方案可应用于变系数的光束传播分析,该方案保持差分方程的3对角线性体系的同时,使截断误差减小到Δ4.用多种方案计算阶跃光纤中LP01模传输的模不匹配损耗LM,证实了本方案具有很多优点,具有较好的精确性和稳定性.