第17届世界杯助理裁判员越位判罚的统计与分析

采用统计、录像分析的方法，对第17届世界杯助理裁判员越位判罚进行研究，对越位出现的区域、犯规形式的规律以及错、漏判出现的原因进行统计分析．指出助理裁判员应加强选位能力、提高心理素质和决断能力，从而提高判罚越位的能力．     

第17、18届世界杯足球赛决赛阶段运动员犯规情况对比分析

对17、18届世界杯足球赛运动员犯规、红黄牌及越位情况分别进行比较分析,结果显示总体犯规数量没有明显变化,但是犯规的时间段和犯规的性质有明显改变.第18届世界杯裁判的红、黄牌的使用比17届要多,尤其是在上下半场的后15分钟这个时段对犯规的判罚较17届严格.在越位这种特殊犯规中,对两届世界杯的次数和各个时段的越位情况进行了比较,发现越位的情况基本相同.总的来说,这两届世界杯裁判对犯规的判罚把握很准确,但是某些细节正在悄然改变,这些为裁判员在比赛中提高判罚的准确性以及队员在训练中有针对性地提高个人的防守能力,提供参考依据.     

影响越位判罚准确性的因素与对策

越位规则是足球运动中一条重要的规定。由于执行越位规则有一定的难度,它也成为关注裁判员执法的焦点。本文就越位规则的精神实质、影响越位判罚的因素,以及如何提高判罚准确性等问题,进行分析并提出建议。     

足球比赛助理裁判员“等”和“看”技巧探析

本文对足球比赛中助理裁判员在越位判罚“等”和“看”技巧进行了阐述,针对助理裁判员掌握“等”和“看”技巧上容易出现的问题进行了探讨与分析,并提出了相应的对策与建议,旨在为助理裁判员提高越位判罚准确性提供理论依据．     

对越位规则“新精神”的研究

采用录像分析法、文献资料法及专家访谈法,对第13届欧洲足球锦标赛小组赛意大利与荷兰队的比赛中,荷兰队前锋范尼斯特鲁伊打进的那粒有争议的"越位"球进行分析、讲解,从而能督促足球裁判员和科研人员认真学习新的足球规则,尽量避免裁判员在足球比赛执法中发生误判和漏判,同时也为越位判罚"新精神"的执行提供理论支撑和参考依据.     

网球裁判员临场注意力特征及影响因素分析

网球比赛中,网球裁判员的判罚是最重要的,要想保证判罚的准确率,减少误判、错判、漏判情况的发生,需要裁判员提高自身的临场注意力;网球裁判一直都是网球比赛的守护神,维护着场上的公平,也默默操持着场下各个环节;网球裁判员是确保网球比赛顺利进行的执法者,而在比赛过程中,网球裁判员的临场注意力直接影响了赛场判罚的准确率,因此,对影响裁判员临场注意力的因素进行仔细的分析,以提高裁判员的临场注意力;指出网球裁判员要明确主裁以及司线员的临场注意力特征,并对判罚过程中的难点进行重点训练,通过多参加比赛,多总结影响裁判员临场注意力的原因而有针对性地进行训练,可克服影响因素。     

如何提高判罚足球比赛中严重犯规的准确性

裁判员判罚的公正准确性是保证足球比赛顺利进行的前提。对严重犯规和暴力行为的准确判罚是足球竞赛规则中重要内容之一。裁判员在比赛中判罚的准确性是足球比赛顺利进行的必要条件。足球水平的提高不仅要依赖于球员及教练员业务水平的提高,裁判水平的提高也是一个重要方面。提高裁判员判罚严重犯规和暴力行为的准确性有利于促进足球运动的发展。     

论提高足球裁判员判罚犯规的准确性

足球裁判员是足球比赛场上的组织者和法官.裁判员的执法水平,直接影响着足球比赛的质量.对犯规准确性的判罚是衡量裁判员水平的重要标准.通过对影响裁判员判罚诸多因素的分析,找出不利裁判员准确判罚的重要因素加以研究,对提高我国足球裁判员水平有着重要的促进作用.     

浅谈业余篮球裁判员如何提高判罚准确率

裁判员合理的分工和合作,裁判员对比赛的预见性,裁判员的体能状况和顽强的品质,裁判员合理的抢位,裁判员出色的心理素质以及良好的注意力分配能力是篮球裁判员提高判罚准确性应该具备的。     

广州市业余基层足球联赛裁判员执法问题分析

足球裁判员在执法基层业余足球比赛的过程中,应根据参赛运动员自身比赛的特点,裁判员采用机动灵活的跑位,提高合理地运用竞赛规则能力.在执法配合上要求裁判员随时进行多种途径交流,灵活的运用规则掌握判罚尺度,对有异议的判罚做出简短的规则解释,以促进广州市业余基层足球联赛的健康发展.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.