关于深切谷研究的进展

深切谷可以划分为受海平面影响的深切谷和陆相盆地深切谷两大类。本文综合论述了有关深切谷研究的进展情况，阐述了有关海相深切谷形成和充填层序的研究过程。目前此研究主要还只是考虑海平面变化的影响，并且在深切谷碎屑物质的沉积方式和初泛面的划分上存在着分歧。在陆相盆地深切谷的研究中，目前还没有建立普遍适用的陆相谷充填模式，其中河流基准面的确定是大的问题。同时，而且对应于基准面的变化，河流存在着复杂的沉积响应方     

关于深切谷研究的进展

深切谷可以划分为受海平面影响的深切谷和陆相盆地深切谷两大类。本文综合论述了有关深切谷研究的进展情况 ,阐述了有关海相深切谷形成和充填层序的研究过程。目前此研究主要还只是考虑海平面变化的影响 ,并且在深切谷碎屑物质的沉积方式和初泛面的划分上存在着分歧。在陆相盆地深切谷的研究中 ,目前还没有建立普遍适用的陆相盆地深切谷充填模式 ,其中河流基准面的确定是最大的问题。同时 ,而且对应于基准面的变化 ,河流存在着复杂的沉积响应方式。如何确定基准面及其相应的沉积响应方式 ,应是今后陆相深切谷研究的主要目标     

青藏高原的自然环境特征

 本文基于1950年代至今青藏高原综合考察和研究成果,系统总结了青藏高原自然环境的主要特征。青藏高原是中国三大自然阶梯中最高一级,平均海拔超过4000 m,被称为“世界屋脊”。青藏高原土地辽阔,总面积约为250万km²,占中国陆地总面积的1/4。自新近纪以来强烈的隆升,使青藏高原自然环境明显区别于其他地区,形成了自己鲜明的特征,主要表现为海拔高、温度低、辐射强、河湖众多、冰川冻土广布、生物多样性丰富。青藏高原面积广大,高原内部的自然环境差异显著,并具有明显的区域分异特征,根据拟订的原则、方法和指标,青藏高原可划分为10个各具特色的自然区,包括：果洛那曲高原山地高寒灌丛草甸区、青南高原宽谷高寒草甸草原区、羌塘高原湖盆高寒草原区、昆仑高山高原高寒荒漠区、川西藏东高山峡谷针叶林区、青东祁连高山盆地针叶林草原区、藏南高山谷地灌丛草原区、柴达木盆地荒漠区、昆仑山北翼山地荒漠区、阿里山地荒漠区。     

青藏高原东缘岩石圈及软流圈结构

青藏高原东缘岩石圈及软流圈结构的研究是认识该区域地壳上地幔的构造形变及高原内部物质向东运移的重要手段。通过搜集四川区域数字地震台站和野外临时地震台站记录的观测资料,采用接收函数共转换点(CCP)偏移叠加成像方法对青藏高原东缘深部结构研究。研究结果揭示:青藏高原东缘的地壳厚度比四川盆地的地壳厚度大10~20km;在青藏高原东缘与四川盆地的过渡地带,莫霍面处存在大幅度的垂向错断和变形。从青藏高原东缘到四川盆地,岩石圈与软流圈分界面(LAB)显示出深度逐步增加、410km间断面深度则有变浅的趋势。在地壳的下界面和LAB界面间以及LAB界面与410km间断面间也存在多条不连续的分层。青藏高原东缘和四川盆地的LAB界面的下方都有明显的低速层分布,但它们之间存在差别,四川盆地的LAB界面的下方低速层分布较为完整,而青藏高原东缘LAB界面下方的低速层分布中可见离散的高速块体分布。青藏高原东缘与四川盆地深部结构的明显差异,体现了该地区的深部地球动力学背景的复杂性。     

青藏高原河网统计规律及高原抬升的影响

晚新生代以来青藏高原的持续抬升对高原的地形地貌甚至河流网络产生了极大的影响,使得高原河流网络显现不同于其它地区的特色。为揭示青藏高原河网的发育规律和研究高原抬升对河流网络及地形地貌的影响,该文基于数字高程模型分析技术,从航天飞机雷达地形测绘使命(SRTM)数据中系统提取了青藏高原雅鲁藏布、金沙江、雅砻江、澜沧江、怒江和黄河上游这6条大河的河流网络,分析其典型河网参数,如河网分支比、长度比、面积比及坡降比等。通过与Horton定律描述的一般性河流网络进行对比分析,结果表明:河网在高原内部的1到6级河流很好地符合一般性河网的规律,而处在高原边缘的最高级河流较大地偏离Horton定律,高原边缘的差异抬升和断裂构造是影响河网发育的主要因素。     

高原旅行家——黑颈鹤

在全球现生的15种鹤中，黑颈鹤是唯一栖息于高原地区的种类。它繁殖于青藏高原及邻近地区海拔3500～4500米之间的高原沼泽湿地，繁殖地散布于中国青海、西藏、甘肃、新疆和四川等省区的高原山地；越冬地主要在西藏南部拉萨河谷和日喀则的农耕区以及云贵高原海拔2800米以上的山区。     

汶川大地震对岷江上游水资源与水环境的影响

岷江是长江上游的最大支流,发源于四川与甘肃交界的岷山南麓,都江堰之上河段为上游,是成都平原及其下游最重要的水源河.流域区属高山峡谷区,高山耸峙,河流深切,北段为山原地貌,南段为高山峡谷地貌.岷江上游位于青藏高原东缘,河流自北西向南东分别流经松潘-甘孜地槽褶皱系、龙门山断裂带和四川盆地.汶川大地震在给人民生命财产造成重大损失的同时,也对岷江上游的季节性水量,岷江水质产生了重大影响.由于汶川地震诱发和潜在的地质灾害,对上游的水电工程形成了潜在的巨大威胁,其影响应在灾后重建规划时予以高度重视.     

蠕变——试论青藏高原东缘及其邻区的构造变形特征

在青藏高原东缘明显的分布着三个构造带,即:a.高原本体东缘的弧形构造带,由褶曲、断裂组成,弧顶均向南或南东突出,其排列多受高原边缘的限制;b.高原外前方的挤压隆起带,系由高原向东推挤产生的前方挤压隆起;c.推覆构造带,由高原向东超前蠕流部分叠覆于隆起带上形成。以上三个构造带又被两条南东向走滑断层切割成三段,使各段从北向南递次向东错移。造成这一构造格局的原因系由西藏地区受印度板块强烈挤压缩短时,物质发生大量向东蠕变流动引起的。     

地衣，为青藏高原披上霓裳羽衣的拓荒者

正青藏高原冰川耸立、峡谷纵横,平均海拔超过4 000米。在冰川强大的切割和侵蚀作用下,大大小小的岩石随冰川一泻千里,在冰川末端堆积成貌似荒凉和贫瘠的流石滩。这些岩石表面通常十分光滑,还要长期经受高原强烈的紫外线照射,以及漫长的冬季和极大的昼夜温差,因此,     

论甘南高原的生态保护、生态建设与可持续发展

 甘南高原区的自然地理概况甘南高原区位于甘肃省西南部、青藏高原东缘, 是青藏高原的重要组成部分; 东部逐渐向陇南山地过渡; 北部与甘肃中部黄土高原相接。地貌类型为山地和高原。依自然特点, 全区可分为西部高原区、南部高山狭谷区和东部山地丘陵区。境内海拔在1172m(舟曲瓜子沟口)～4920m(迭山主峰)之间, 大部分地区海拔在3000m以上, 是仅次于祁连山的全省海拔最高的自然区[1, 2].甘南高原区年均温度1～13℃, 大部分地区在3℃以下, 寒冷湿润是甘南高原区的主要气候特征。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.