基于侧推力最小原则的船舶动力定位控制

针对动力定位船舶的位置保持作业,基于侧推力最小原则,设计了艏向控制器和位置保持控制器.根据单摆在势场中的运动原理,利用滑模技术分别针对船舶的纵荡和艏向设计控制器,以使船舶与设定点保持固定距离,并且艏向始终正对环境力.研究了非线性无源状态观测器,对船舶的高频运动进行滤波并对船舶的运动速度进行估计,将状态反馈问题转换为输出反馈问题.仿真结果表明:该控制器无横向力输出,且转艏力矩很小,证明了该控制器的有效性.     

Kalman滤波技术在船舶动力定位技术中的应用

提出了Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波技术在船舶动力定位中的应用方法,并以３００ｍ救生母船为实例分析了如何根据船舶的运动方程船舶运动的数学模型,并设计了Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波器,通过计算机仿真试验说明该滤波器能够较好地估计出船舶的真实船位和艏向。     

欠驱动船舶直线航迹的滑模控制方法

针对一类欠驱动水面船舶的直线航迹跟踪控制问题,考虑运动响应模型的建模误差和外界干扰力等非匹配不确定性影响,基于滑模控制理论和Backstepping法,提出了一种反步自适应滑模控制律.借鉴Backstepping法的设计思想,利用一种改进积分型的滑模控制方法和自适应技术,设计了直线航迹跟踪控制的滑模控制律,并证明该控制律保证了航迹跟踪系统的全局渐进稳定性.最后,仿真对比结果验证了所提出控制器的有效性.     

混沌系统的最优反同步

近年来,混沌同步问题是混沌控制中的一个热点问题,本文在参数未知的情况下,通过设计最优控制器和参数自适应律实现了新的四维混沌系统与超混沌吕系统的反同步,接着根据Lyapunov稳定性原理和Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman方程,选取Lyapunov函数和合适的性能指标函数从理论上证明这种方法的有效性.理论证明结果表明本文所设计的控制器能使性能指标函数取得最小值,是最优的.最后又通过matlab软件对反同步系统进行数值仿真,仿真结果表明驱动系统与响应系统能够很好地达到了同步,说明这种方法是可行有效的.     

船舶动力定位系统的非线性输出反馈控制

针对动力定位船舶的速度不可测问题,考虑带有环境扰动的动力定位船舶运动非线性数学模型,提出一个非线性观测器-控制器控制方案,实现仅依赖于船舶位置和艏向测量值的船舶动力定位的输出反馈控制,且其观测器具有分离的稳定性.应用串级非线性系统理论证明了最终的船舶动力定位输出反馈闭环系统是全局渐近稳定的,所设计的输出反馈控制律迫使船舶的位置及艏摇角全局渐近收敛于期望值.以一艘供给船为例进行仿真研究,结果验证了所设计的船舶动力定位输出反馈控制律的有效性.     

具有指数型三分性差分方程的反周期解

研究了一类具有指数型三分性非线性差分方程的反周期解.首先指出若齐次线性方程具有指数型三分性,则对应非齐次线性方程存在反周期解.然后借助这个结论并应用Banach不动点定理,给出了非线性差分方程反周期解的存在唯一性条件.最后通过例子说明了该结论在实际问题中的应用.     

动力定位非线性自适应反步控制器设计

提出了一种基于VxWorks实时操作系统的船舶动力定位控制器设计,给出了整体框架和软件模块设计。实际工况中,存在模型参数难以精确描述和外界扰动不确定的问题,在控制方法上,设计了一种基于RBF神经网络的自适应反步控制。RBF神经网络对连续函数在紧集范围内具有任意经度的逼近能力,可有效解决船舶水动力高度非线性以及水动力系数难以准确估计的问题。海浪流引起的不确定外界扰动可通过自适应估计补偿。根据Lyapunov稳定性理论证明所设计的控制器是全局渐近稳定的,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

柔性关节机械臂的自适应命令滤波输出反馈控制

针对柔性关节机械臂轨迹跟踪控制中存在模型摄动、外界干扰以及部分状态信息不可测等问题，提出一种基于自适应神经网络观测器的命令滤波输出反馈控制方法。首先，给出含不确定性的柔性关节机械臂动力学方程，并选用RBF神经网络设计自适应律，在线逼近由模型摄动及未知干扰带来的不确定性项；然后，设计自适应神经观测器以对系统不可测状态进行实时估计，并将估计值用于反馈控制，解决部分状态信息不可测的问题；最后，基于Lyapunov理论设计反步跟踪控制器，并引入二阶命令滤波器获得中间虚拟控制量的导数，避免反步递推过程中“计算爆炸”的问题。仿真结果表明，当系统存在模型摄动和外界干扰时，所提自适应命令滤波反步控制方法与传统反步控制方法和误差补偿命令滤波控制方法相比，无需连杆的角速度以及电机轴的转角和角速度等状态信息，且轨迹跟踪精度分别提升78%和35%。     

海流作用下全驱动自主式水下航行器环境最优动力定位控制

针对海流作用下的全驱动自主式水下航行器(AUV)的动力定位控制,提出了一种新的环境最优动力定位控制策略.通过位置、姿态控制,使得水下航行器的头部“顶住”海流,并和目标点保持一定距离,此时海流的扰动力由轴向主推进器承担,减少了辅助推进器的工作量,同时降低能源消耗.考虑到海流作为系统模型中的非匹配不确定性,基于神经网络自适应反演法设计了动力定位控制器.通过计算机仿真,验证了控制算法的有效性以及鲁棒性.     

船舶航向跟踪系统自适应滤波反步终端滑模控制

针对船舶航向非线性系统,提出了一种基于自适应滤波反步法的终端滑模控制器. 系统由二阶非线性野本模型和舵机响应模型串联组成,考虑了模型不确定性和外部干扰等未知项,并由模糊系统对未知项进行在线逼近. 首先引入二阶低通滤波器,避免了对虚拟控制律的解析求导,从而简化了反步控制器的设计,而且滤波器的低通特性可大大减小测量噪声的影响;然后利用滤波反步法的结果设计了终端滑模面,并最终得到了使系统跟踪误差有限时间收敛的终端滑模控制器. 根据Lyapunov理论证明了闭环系统所有误差变量均是一致最终有界的. 仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性.      

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to