典型地物LiDAR回波强度特征实验分析

LiDAR回波强度信息的利用正成为研究热点,许多学者利用归一化校正方法进行回波强度处理并以此为参考辅助地物分类,这种校正方法主要考虑了激光传输距离、入射角的影响,且假定地面平坦、为朗伯体,但自然界中绝大多数地物都是各项散射异性的非朗伯体,且目前的研究中有关地物激光反射特性的定量分析较少。选取12种城市典型地物,通过反射率、反射比因子测量,并与回波强度值进行对比,分析了不同地物的回波强度特征及影响因素。实验证明,形态结构简单且平坦的地物,其回波强度均值之间的差异性与激光反射率、反射比因子的测量结果具有较好的一致性,基于回波强度的可分性较强;而倾斜地物(如房顶)、树木等形态复杂的地物,其产生的回波强度值范围较大,对地物分类的参考价值较小。实际应用中,可首先利用其它参数(如高程、回波次序)对LiDAR数据进行分类,然后针对回波强度之间差异较大的地物应用回波强度辅助分类,会取得较好效果。     

基于优化有理函数模型的高分辨率遥感影像几何校正及其精度评估 ——以ZY-3和Pléiades卫星数据为例

高分辨率遥感影像的几何校正是其后续影像处理的基础,对提升影像预处理的几何精度具有十分重要的应用价值.本文通过优化有理函数模型(rational function model,RFM),分别对资源三号(ZY-3)和Pléiades卫星高分辨率遥感影像进行几何校正,比较了不同数量地面控制点情境下几何精度提升的效果,并对二者的校正结果进行对比.研究结果表明:(1)未加入控制点时,ZY-3和Pléiades卫星影像平面误差 7. 20 m;(2)当添加1个控制点对RFM进行优化后,2种卫星的高分辨率影像平面误差可降低至4 m左右;(3)随着控制点数目的增加,2种卫星影像的平面误差降低幅度变小,但整体偏移方位改变不大.通过优化RFM的几何校正方法可以不同程度地提升高分辨率影像的平面几何精度,提升效果明显,可满足遥感监测、测图等应用需求.     

基于AOI的遥感图像几何精校正

在遥感图像几何精校正中，选择足够数量和精度的控制点是影响校正精度的重点与难点。对于已进行几何粗校正的遥感图像，利用任意绘制的AOI多边形顶点作为控制点，可以不受地面控制的．限制，而且能提高选点精度与速度。     

空间后方交会的条件平差数学模型

为了解决传统的摄影测量空间后方交会法确定外方位元素,采用间接平差数学模型需要多个地面控制点的问题,提出空间后方交会的条件平差数学模型,该方法利用具有一定精度的外方位元素的初始值作为观测值,采用1-2个控制点就可以解算出6个外方位元素,经实验满足遥感影像几何纠正的精度要求,可实现稀少控制点下的影像精确纠正。     

几何校正在大区域地理影像数据处理中的应用

遥感资料的准备和处理是遥感技术在实际应用中的核心工作,几何校正是利用地面控制点(GCP)对遥感影像进行的几何纠正。文章用多种RS软件对卫星数据进行几何校正,并对相关模型参数设置、控制点输入和几何校正作了探讨。     

基于CASI/SASI高光谱影像的几何校正方法及误差分析

CASI/SASI高光谱遥感影像在380~2450 nm的波谱范围内,最多可构建388个连续光谱通道,具备很高的光谱分辨率.针对影像在采集过程中的严重畸变,采用Buddle(实验区)辅助POS数据的方法进行高精度几何校正.通过利用Buddle与POS数据进行联合计算,获取最佳的位置偏移量和角度偏移量.并将偏移量参数用于修正后的共线方程方法中,结合DEM数据进行几何校正.该方法有效解决了偏心矢量和偏心角无法精确测量而带来系统误差的问题,绝对定位精度达到4.87 m,校正精度较高.     

SAR影像的RPC模型参数求解算法研究

首次对ERS-SAR卫星影像进行了基于SRTM DEM无需初值的RPC模型参数求解试验,对比了9种形式RPC模型参数的求解精度,并对控制点格网大小及高程分层对参数求解精度的影响作了评价.试验表明SAR卫星遥感影像的成像几何可以用RPC参数进行拟合,可以和光学遥感影像一样进行摄影测量处理,简化SAR影像几何处理的难度;对于ERS-SAR影像,阶数为3并且分母不同的RPC模型可以取代严格成像模型进行摄影测量处理,在利用严格成像模型求解RPC模型参数时候,采用控制点的格网大小为30×30、高程分层为3可以达到精度和效率的平衡.     

Landsat影像土地利用/土地覆盖信息快速提取技术研究

遥感图像快速识别是遥感数据应用于土地利用/土地覆盖动态监测的难点问题。根据海拔高差大地区地表覆盖的垂直性特点,利用数字高程模型分割影像,分析各区域的光谱特征和纹理特征,采用植被指数和纹理组合对不同区域地表信息进行提取,并根据野外实测数据进行精度验证。结果表明,该方法能有效提高地物识别精度,有一定实用价值。     

典型地物机载激光雷达测量系统回波强度特征实验分析

机载激光雷达测量系统Li DAR回波强度信息的利用正成为研究热点,许多学者利用归一化校正方法进行回波强度处理并以此为参考辅助地物分类,这种校正方法主要考虑了激光传输距离、入射角的影响;且假定地面平坦、为朗伯体,但自然界中绝大多数地物都是各项散射异性的非朗伯体;且目前的研究中有关地物激光反射特性的定量分析较少。选取12种城市典型地物,通过反射率、反射比因子测量,并与回波强度值进行对比,分析了不同地物的回波强度特征及影响因素。实验证明,形态结构简单且平坦的地物,其回波强度均值之间的差异性与激光反射率、反射比因子的测量结果具有较好的一致性,基于回波强度的可分性较强;而倾斜地物(如房顶)、树木等形态复杂的地物,其产生的回波强度值范围较大,对地物分类的参考价值较小。实际应用中,可首先利用其他参数(如高程、回波次序)对Li DAR数据进行分类,然后针对回波强度之间差异较大的地物应用回波强度辅助分类,会取得较好效果。     

车载激光点云数据精度的提高方法

车载LiDAR系统是继机载LiDAR系统后的又一新型测绘方式,在数据采集和处理中有着自身独特的方法。以StreetMapper360系统采集的一段厦门环岛路数据为例,分析了车载LiDAR系统的主要误差来源,随后从激光点云的数据采集、GPS/IMU数据后处理、安装误差角检校与地面控制点调整4个方面讲述了改善车载激光点云数据精度的方法,最后用地面检查点验证了点云成果数据的精度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that