论清代的宫词创作

清代宫词类乐府高度繁荣发达。清代的宫词创作主要表现出两大特点，一是参与创作的诗人多。一是大型联章体多。约6000首的清代官词主要由“历代宫词”与“本朝宫词”两大类构成。“历代宫词”的史鉴特质是以古鉴今，讽谕意旨则为“本朝宫词”的重点所在，二者交相辉映，蔚为壮观。     

王建《宫词》分析

王建《宫词》是唐代特定历史时期的产物。《宫词》所反映的对象、题材来源、内容情况 ,以及对《宫词》的评价等 ,对读者阅读和研究《宫词》有一定的指导意义。     

张祜宫词中盛唐情结的文化阐释——兼谈晚唐诗作中的“马嵬”意象

张祜是中晚唐之交的著名诗人，在其宫词中留下了许多唐王朝由盛而衰转捩点上的标志性印记。安史之乱的爆发，陡然打断了大唐盛世霓裳羽衣的艳丽华章。曾经无比辉煌自信的皇朝只能沉浸在无限感伤的追思中，在“忆昔开元全盛日”的自慰声中蹒跚而行。而马嵬事变中的唐玄宗、杨贵妃无疑也成了诗人们反思历史、寄托哀思的最佳象征符号。在张祜宫词中，霓裳羽衣曲、华清池、马嵬坡，乃至玄宗时期的音乐、歌舞、乐伎、庆典等大唐历史转捩点上的重要意象，都成了张祜笔下盛唐情结的一种凭吊符号。     

陈寅恪选择元稹“休兵”即“消兵”说商榷

陈寅恪认为：唐宪宗元和十三年，元稹作《连昌宫词》，呼吁“努力庙谟休用兵”，是12年前同白居易应制举时所持“销兵”说的继续；“休兵”说同于唐穆宗初期宰相萧克、段文昌的“消兵”说，元稹因而得志于朝；与主战派裴度政见对立，故又受到攻击并遭贬；“消兵”说导致朝廷再失河朔。陈说不确。白、萧、段的“消兵”说，指天下军队逃、死不补，自然减员。元稹从无这种主张，所说“销兵革”，指朝廷推诚于下，推敬于外，化解矛盾，消除战争，核实军籍，农战相兼。元稹一向主张并参与镇压藩镇判乱，“努力庙谟休用兵”，是盼望最终太平，不再用兵，这同裴度完全一致。元稹见重于穆宗，并非由于“休兵”说而是由于文才学说；遭裴度等忌眼并因而遭贬，也非由于“休兵”说，而是由于勾结宦管理、宰相才干和朝廷遥控五方面因素，还应考虑河朔地区特殊文化背景。元稹“休兵”说不同于萧、段“消兵”说，即便再失河朔是“消兵”说所致，也与元稹无关。     

唐诗二首赏析

一、杜荀鹤《春宫怨》早被婵娟误,欲妆临镜慵。承恩不在貌,教妾若为容? 风暖鸟声碎,日高花影重。年年越溪女,相忆采芙蓉。这首五律,是晚唐诗人杜荀鹤所作。杜荀鹤的诗,素以白描见长,不事雕琢,不喜搬用典故,创作上走张籍、白居易“尚用”的一路。他与皮日休,夏夷中等同为关心人民、特别是关心农民疾苦的现实主义诗人。诚然,荀鹤的诗有时略有浅率之嫌,但婉蓄倩丽的力作毕竟是占主导地位的,《春宫怨》即是其中著名的一首。对于此诗,宋代欧阳修《六一诗话》、吴聿《观林涛话》,均以此诗为周朴所作,实误。《诗人玉屑》就曾引《幕府燕闲录》云:“杜荀鹤诗鄙俚近俗,惟宫词第一……故谚云‘杜诗三百首,惟在一联中’‘风暖鸟声碎,日     

胭脂的前世今生

正胭脂是中国古代女子常用的化妆品之一。胭脂之名由来已久,从古至今的诗词歌赋、小说笔记中都有记载。但是,胭脂到底是什么?唐朝白居易在《后宫词》中说:"三千宫女胭脂面,几个春来无泪痕";南唐李煜在《相见欢·林花谢了春红》中唱到:"胭脂泪,相留醉,几时重。自是人生长恨,水长东";宋朝苏轼的《蝶恋花·雨霰疏疏经泼火》中有:"杏子梢头香蕾破,淡红褪白胭脂涴"等等。那么,这些诗词歌赋中的"胭脂"是什么东西呢?"胭脂"一词目前已知最早的记载出现在汉     

《琵琶行》的艺术特色

《琵琶行》作为我国古代诗歌中为数不多的长篇叙事诗,在叙事诗的创作艺术上;表现了作者白居易卓绝的艺术才华,具有极高的艺术欣赏价值.在中国古代,由于受儒家“温柔敦厚”的传统诗教思想的影响,诗歌门类中的叙事诗并不发达.唐代以前,比较著名的长篇叙事诗只有《孔雀东南飞》、《木兰诗》等寥若晨星的几首.到了唐代,才相对集中地出现一些叙事诗,如杜甫的《三吏》、《三别》,元缜的《连昌宫词》,刘禹锡的《秦娘歌》,李绅的《悲善才》,白居易的《长恨歌》《琵琶行》等.在这些叙事诗中,《琵琶行》犹如一颗璀灿的明珠,代表着唐代叙事诗艺术乃至整个古代叙事诗艺术的最高成就.下面,我们试从叙事诗创作艺术的角度,对《琵琶行》作一个粗浅的分析.     

安陆方言的特殊正反问格式"有不有"

安陆方言的特殊正反问“有不有”有五种变化格式,即“有不有N 语气词”,“有有N 语气词”,“有啊N 语气词”,“是不是有N 语气词”,“是是有N 语气词”。它与安陆方言一般单音节动词构成的正反问比较有联系,也有区别。“有不有”格式的形成有两方面的条件:一是跟安陆方言的否定词有关,二是跟疑问语气有关。     

有与无

引言：“有”和“无”关系很好,就像硬币的正反面,谁也离不开谁。“有”离开了“无”,就无所谓“有”;“无”离开了“有”,也就没有“无”。尽管如此,“有”和“无”都觉得自己的本事比对方大,总想着与对方一争高下。它俩的竞争延续了上千年,深入到了我们生活的方方面面。     

病科学

谨此小小者 ,献吾区区一以庙堂之芹 ,赤诚之心 ,随时盼望采纳。且夫天地之间 ,有黄老之道 ,包括自然、社会而有余。自然科学不过是之于自然界的办法劳动而已 ,“天演论”、“进化论” ,何能外乎于此。自然科学以及社会科学尽是支离者也。道也者 ,“有无”者也 ,举例其中曰 :一、没有“有”就没有“无” ,反过来说 ,没有“无”也就没有“有”。有和无是一体的。二、有就是无 ,无就是“有”。以刚强柔是刚为刚 ,以柔克刚是柔为刚。三、“有”就是“有” ,“无”就是“无” ,不然就不存在“有”“无”两个字。以道方之“科学” :一、没有科学 ,…     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to