基于权重动态调整的树型配电网单相接地故障行波测距方法

针对树型配电网分支众多而难以准确选线的问题,本文通过分析发现了不同线路故障初始电流电压行波的极性关系,提高了配电网分支选线的准确率。由于缆线混联线路中的零模波速很不稳定,难以通过线路参数精确获取,提出了基于权重动态调整的树型配电网单相接地故障行波测距方法,以双端行波测距理论为基础,对线路已有的多端行波测距装置进行自由组合,计算得到多组故障定位结果。通过历史临近故障测距结果误差比较,动态调整各行波测距装置组的权重值,从而进行故障信息的融合决策,给出最终的故障点位置。因此,本文通过故障点同侧行波测距装置组的故障信息对其波速进行在线测量,使得用于故障定位的波速值更贴合实际。最后,采用PSCAD软件对江苏某实际10 kV配电系统进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,所提方法不受中性点接地方式的影响,在不同过渡电阻以及系统不同运行方式下均能实现接地故障的精确定位。     

基于时间线性拟合的地缆架空混合线路的行波故障定位

目的 研究n段地缆架空混合输电线路中行波故障定位问题,提出一种基于时间线性拟合的行波故障定位方法。方法 首先对故障区域进行判断,确定故障所在的区域,其次再将不同波阻抗线路进行归一化处理,减少因波速不同而产生的测距误差,最后使用时间线性拟合的方法对故障进行精确定位。结果 解决了初始行波波头识别困难的问题,也减小了行波速度随传输距离变化而变化带来的测距误差问题。结论 在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建一个500 kV的地缆架空混合输电线路仿真模型,实验的验证结果表明此故障定位方法能够有效地解决因行波速度不同而导致的双端行波测距方法不适用问题,最终实现对故障点的精确定位。     

输电线路单端行波法故障测距的分析

输电线路是电力系统的重要组成部分.单端法是利用电压及电流行波进行线路故障测距的方法,通过测量故障产生的行波在故障点及母线之间往返一趟的时间来计算故障距离,并对单端行波法各种计算方法的理论基础和应用条件逐类进行了分析、对比和讨论.对输电线路故障测距的研究及应用前景进行了展望.     

单端行波法在输电线路故障测距中的应用

输电线路是电力系统的重要组成部分,单端法是利用电压及电流行波进行线路故障测距的方法,通过测量故障产生的行波在故障点及母线之间往返一趟的时间来计算故障距离,并对单端行波法各种计算方法的理论基础和应用条件逐类进行了分析、对比和讨论及对输电线路故障测距的研究及应用前景进行了展望.     

基于小波变换的双端输电线路行波故障定位

为了消除行波波速不确定性和线路弧垂对双端输电线路行波故障定位造成的误差影响,提出了一种在输电线路中间某一位置增加一个检测点的三测点定位方法;该方法首先对电流行波信号进行相模变换,得到相互独立的线模分量,其次对得到的线模分量进行小波分析,检测出行波波头到各测量点时间,最后代入相应的公式计算出故障距离; MATLAB仿真实验结果表明:该方法不受过渡电阻、行波波速、故障类型等因素的影响,测距误差较小,原理简单,具有较高的准确性和良好的适用性。     

基于行波原理的10 kV电缆网络分布式故障定位方案

在线故障测距对于城市10 kV电缆线路的故障查找与修复非常重要,由于配电线路结构复杂,不能直接应用现有单端或双端行波测距技术,无法迅速对故障点进行准确测距和排查抢修,对居民生活和企业生产带来一定不便和经济损失。本文分析了典型10 kV电缆网络接地故障时的电压与电流行波特征及其在线路中（特别是环网柜、线路末端处）的折反射规律,阐述了一种安装于环网柜与线路末端的分布式故障行波测距系统的系统构成、工作原理,并给出了高速数据采集、传感器采集频带选取和线路末端电流行波获取方法等关键技术方案,利用多例现场实例验证了该技术与系统的可靠性和准确性。     

同杆并架双回输电线路故障定位算法的研究

提出了同杆并架双回输电线路跨线故障定位的新算法，算法的故障定位精度不受故障点处过渡电阻，负荷潮流及远端电源内阻抗的影响，算法利用输电线路本地端的电压电流流数据估计故障距离，经EMTP仿真验证故障测距的误差小于1％。     

输电线路雷击故障行波记录装置研究

详细介绍了输电线路雷击故障行波记录装置的组成与监测原理,结合现场的应用结果,指出该装置的监测结果可对输电线路跳闸原因的准确分析、雷击故障的原因识别等提供直接可靠的数据资源。     

基于GPS双端同步采样的输电线路故障定位的研究

输电线路故障定位一直是电力系统急需解决的难题。针对单端法故障测距易受过渡电阻的影响,提出了一种双端同步采样的输电线路故障定位方法。此方法以全球定位系统（ Ｇ Ｐ Ｓ）作为同步时间基准,只需线路两端的电流电压采样值。它克服了过渡电阻的影响,且定位精度不受故障类型、故障点位置、故障发生时刻和电力系统运行条件的影响。将单回线算法推广到双回线。数值仿真和动态模拟实验的结果表明算法有很高的精度和鲁棒性,其最大定位误差均小于１％     

基于FastICA的高压直流输电线路故障测距方法

提出了采用快速独立分量分析(FastICA)的高压直流输电线路(HVDC)单端行波故障测距方法。利用FastICA算法对故障后的直流输电线路电流信号进行处理,分离出电流行波特征信号,检测初始行波波头与第二个行波波头到达测量点的时间,并判断这两个波头的极性关系,实现了故障测距。应用Matlab软件,建立了HVDC系统模型,对多种故障类型进行了故障测距仿真。结果表明,该方法可准确区分中点内外故障,正确有效。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-