三维空间传统方法资源储量可视化动态估算及应用

针对传统方法资源储量动态估算存在的可视化及分析程度低、估算精度有待提高等问题,以矿山日常勘探与开发工作流程为主线,运用三维可视化技术对传统资源储量估算实现方式、方法进行改造,借助真实的三维地质几何模型取代抽象的规则几何体,研究并实现了一种新的适合中国资源勘查及储量分类特点的资源储量三维可视化动态估算及分析方法,可使传统资源储量估算方法科学、可视地贯穿于矿山勘探与开采整个工作流程。经实际矿山应用对比表明：矿体动用储量估算结果较大程度上受矿体块段及采空区空间位置、形态及厚度分布影响,基于勘探工程实际空间位置构建三维矿体块段及采空区模型进行资源储量动态估算与核减可有效提高传统方法资源储量动态估算的科学性与估算精度。     

矿山三维实体建模

采用大型矿床三维软件Surpac构建了凡口铅锌矿深部矿床地质数据库,建立起了该矿的地表三维模型、深部矿体(-320以下)三维实体模型、主要断层三维模型、巷道工程三维模型以及矿体块体模型;分别采用普通克立格法和距离反比法对矿体金属元素品位进行了估值,运用估值结果分别按各金属元素和各中段进行了储量的统计计算,并将计算结果与矿山实际勘探获得的储量结果进行了对比分析.实践表明,所建模型和品位、储量计算结果可靠,从而有效地实现了该矿山深部矿体、岩层、断层、井巷工程等地下空间体的三维可视化,并为矿山深部矿床的有效开采和勘探设计及施工奠定了坚实的基础.     

贵州松桃道坨锰矿资源储量计算方法研究

贵州松桃道坨锰矿床是新发现的超大型全隐伏矿床,资源储量位居全国首位。为降低资源储量计算难度、提高精度,引入三维地质模拟技术,结合现代地质统计学法,构建数字化三维模型,建立真三维环境下深部矿产资源储量计算方法流程。该方法直观形象地表达矿体空间分布特征,以"可视"的方式科学合理地划分矿体块段及储量类别;并对比分析传统几何法,实现道坨锰矿资源储量分类计算。研究结果表明:该方法计算结果科学合理、高效准确,可用于对比验证传统几何方法;该方法具有推广性和适用性,可推广应用到深部矿产资源储量计算,尤其适用于贵州矿产资源深部找矿现状。     

基于棱柱体的三维地质建模方法

 矿体赋存条件复杂、地质构造多变。为探究真实地质体情况,通过对现有各类地质体建模方法的分析,尤其是对TIN模型构建、实体(solid)构模的特点进行探讨,提出一种基于工程棱柱体的三维地质建模方法。结合钻孔数据特点和地层分布规律,根据勘探工程的钻孔平面位置将勘探区域划分为若干棱柱体。对每个棱柱体侧面进行矿段对比连接,完成棱柱体线框图搭建,随之逐面、逐层、逐柱构建三角网,直至形成整个地质体的三角网。将实体构模方法结合其中,实现了三维地层实体模型的建立,既能充分反映矿体的三维形态,又能使所显示的三维矿体进行实体描述。使得矿体属性连续并可计算,同时模型能够结合工程师经验自动推理尖灭、分叉、断层和褶皱等复杂地层构造。其具有三维显示又具有实体描述的特点,尤其便于按储量级别进行储量估算等矿量计算,具有实际应用价值。     

基于平行断面法的矿产资源储量可视化动态估算及应用

为了提高矿产资源储量动态估算的精度和可视化程度,借助DIMINE数字矿山软件,讨论了运用平行断面法对某金属矿进行地质建模和资源储量估算的方法。通过收集该矿的地质勘查、钻孔勘探等原始地质资料,完成了矿体三维地质空间和属性数据库的建立、块段的创建、储量的计算等过程。经实例计算对比表明:平行断面法是一种快速获得矿体储量的方法,估算精度满足矿山设计开采的要求,提高了可视化程度,为合理开发有限资源提供科学依据。     

复杂矿体的三维建模方法研究

为了形象直观地展示地下复杂矿体的几何形态和分布状况,谖文基于地球物理勘探的二堆地质成果剖面和钻探数据,采用地质体的横向或纵向延伸建模方法和三维空间插值方法。有效地实现了地下复杂矿体的三维建模。复杂矿体建模实倒表明,本文提出的横向或纵向延伸建模方法和三堆空间插值方法,镌有效地利用磁汝勘探、电法勘探号的二维成果剖面和钻探数据,此外,采用的空同中值平滑滤波方法,能有效地消除空间插值带来的异常点的影响。     

基于语义的矿山多模型建模方法

矿山三维模型的构建方法复杂且多样,其应用范围也因需求的不同而具备多层次性的特点,以矿山地质过程和矿山三维建模算法为基础,提出了矿山建模的语义三维尺度概念,对语义环境下矿山空间多模型建模理论进行了探讨,以矿体品位模型为例,描述了基于语义的矿山多模型建模过程和方法.     

地质空间三维动态建模方法研究

针对于地表以下地质空间的研究,三维地质模型是一个可以有效、直接的研究方法。本文从钻孔、剖面和散点三个角度对地质空间三维动态模型进行理论和构建方面的阐述,伴随着三维GIS技术的发展,为地质空间三维动态模型的深入提供了更广阔的前景。     

红透山矿区三维地质建模与可视化研究

红透山矿区是中国开采深度最深的金属矿山之一,具有巨大的找矿潜力。本文采用三维地质建模和可视化技术方法,结合红透山矿区地质特征,以国际矿业软件Surpac为平台,建立红透山矿区地质数据库,在此基础上构建了矿区地表、断层、矿体以及地层三维实体模型。为提取地质控矿指标,基于地质体三维实体模型,通过地质空间立体单元划分,建立了岩性、断层、矿化分布等控矿因素的三维空间场模型,以及可控源音频大地电磁法CSAMT、瞬变电磁法TEM物探找矿指标三维空间场模型,直观显示了矿区地质体空间分布特征,为进一步开展红透山矿区深边部三维定量找矿预测奠定了基础。研究表明,三维可视化建模技术在隐伏矿体立体定量预测研究中具有明显优势,具有较高的推广和应用价值。     

矿区地上下三维信息模型构建算法与系统开发

研究了地上三维场景模型与地下三维矿体模型的构建方法,提出了基于散点构网的地质实体充填算法模型.结合地理信息系统的建设方法,以辽宁某铁矿为原型,开发了其地上下三维可视化信息系统,实现了各类三维模型的创建、三维显示与浏览、空间属性查询、交互操作、测量与空间分析等功能.系统既实现了地上下三维模型的快速建立,又解决了以往三维模型中只能显示,不能查询、量测、编辑等问题,可以宏观地把握、微观地洞察矿区地上下整体地形地质特征和地理信息空间分布,更客观全面地表达矿山三维地理信息实体,可作为数字矿山、智能采矿的基础.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with