长江口影响水资源承载力关键指标与临界条件

中国幅员辽阔,区域气象水文条件差异极大,社会经济发展不均衡,水资源问题极其复杂。因此,需根据不同水文分区,明确区域的水资源问题,识别区域水资源承载力的制约要素,提出物理机制明确且能反映水文机理的影响承载力关键指标及其对应的临界条件。该文以长江口为例,从问题产生的机理出发,识别出入海径流为河口水资源承载力的关键指标和水文要素,提出定值方法,结合动力学模型模拟长江口盐度场,确定长江口抵御咸潮入侵的入海径流的临界条件,以此作为水资源承载力的刚性约束,为不同水文分区展开类似工作提供借鉴。     

长江口南港河段洪季水质底质综合评价

本文根据1985年7月洪水期长江口南港河段水文、水质同步调查所提供的水质底质资料将二者综合进行多要素的环境质量评价,因该区段水质中的铜全部超标,故采用含铜和不含铜两种情况进行对比,各污染物权重值根据P_(ij)主成分——因子分析法加以确定。评价结果表明,该区段水质底质大部分介于尚清洁和微污染。局部地区出现轻污染,较客观地反映了实际情况。     

长江口南港河段洪季水质底质综合评价

本文根据1985年7月洪水期长江口南港河段水文、水质同步调查所提供的水质底质资料将二者综合进行多要素的环境质量评价,因该区段水质中的铜全部超标,故采用含铜和不含铜两种情况进行对比,各污染物权重值根据P_(ij)主成分——因子分析法加以确定.评价结果表明,该区段水质底质大部分介于尚清洁和微污染.局部地区出现轻污染,较客观地反映了实际情况.     

长江口区沉积地球化学特征的定量研究

对长江口区３２个表层样的２８种元素进行数理统计分析，并结合该区的水文、地貌和沉积环境等背景资料，探讨长江口区沉积物的元素地球化学特征。Ｑ型聚类分析结果表明长江口可划分为四大沉积地球化学区，Ｒ型因子分析揭示了控制长江口区元素来源和分布的主要因素。     

水文要素在桥墩基础防护监测方案中的应用

必要和充分的水文要素监测,对于桥墩基础水下施工的进度及质量控制具有非常重要的意义。以广东九江大桥为例,通过先进的水文监测手段,对桥墩附近水下地形开展地貌及地质状况的监测,同时结合水位、流速变化等水文要素的综合分析研究,为桥墩基础冲刷防护监测的确定和调整提供技术依据。     

长江口北槽悬沙输移机理分析

运用通量机制分解法对长江口北槽深水航道的实测水文泥沙资料进行了分析,将悬沙通量分解成了8个动力项,从平流输沙、潮泵效应输沙和垂向净环流输沙三方面综合分析了长江口北槽的悬沙输移特征。研究结果表明:在水文资料实测年份时,北槽输沙主要来源于上游来沙;平流输沙项占总体净输沙的比重最大;潮泵输沙所占比例较小;航道内的各测点的垂向净环流输沙主要受欧拉余流控制;深水区悬沙含量垂向变化明显,河口浅水区,表底余流方向不同,垂向净环流输沙作用增强。     

水文综合智能仪及其在潮水河水文测验中的应用

水文综合智能仪及其在潮水河水文测验中的应用姜德保，水文，１９９２年第４期水文综合智能仪既能采集脉冲数字量信息，又能采集模批量信息。由程序控制自动进行流速、流向、水温等多种水文要素的测量、记录、存贮和计算。现场测量一结束，便可提供所有测量资料和全部计算...     

长江口咸淡水混合及其对悬沙的影响

本文应用现场实测水文资料,讨论了长江口咸淡水混合及潮差、高潮位的关系以及在不同潮相时各种混合动力机制的相对重要性。还从混合产生的环流效应、絮凝作用、层化界面等方面分析了长江口悬沙输移和聚集的原因,并用二维盒子模型计算验证了环流对河口泥沙聚集的效应。本文的结论深化了以往对长江口混合的认识,具有理论意义和实际应用价值。     

长江口咸淡水混合及其对悬沙的影响

本文应用现场实测水文资料,讨论了长江口咸淡水混合及潮差、高潮位的关系以及在不同潮相时各种混合动力机制的相对重要性.还从混合产生的环流效应、絮凝作用、层化界面等方面分析了长江口悬沙输移和聚集的原因,并用二维盒子模型计算验证了环流对河口泥沙聚集的效应.本文的结论深化了以往对长江口混合的认识,具有理论意义和实际应用价值.     

长江口河水氯离子浓度指标值的建模与预报

长江口宽度大叉道多，影响潮流运动的因素错综复杂，且各种变化量的实测资料有限，面对如此一个复杂的非线性随时间变化且实测资料有限的系统，利用传统的方法分析研究系统的建模、预报有一定的强求和困难。作者尝试利用在八十年代后期得到飞速发展的人工神经网络现代技术分析研究长江口河水氯离子浓度指标值的动态变化规律。所采用的模型集是多层映射的BP神经网络，利用长江口水文观察站的水文观察资料，采用误差反向传播学习方法来调整BP网络参数连接权值和节点阀值。经过训练学习后的BP神经网络输出与量测输出是非常接近的。并考虑三峡水库建成后有不同的调水方案，用得到的BP神经网络模型分别来与博爱长江口河水日平均氯离子浓度值的变化情况，所得结果供上海有关部门自来水公司做决策参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.