低温NH_3-SCR催化剂概述

介绍了NOx来源及消除方法,着重分析了催化剂类型、温度、空速、NH3/NO、O2、H2O和SO2因素对NH3-SCR脱硝的影响,综述了近年来低温NH3-SCR脱硝催化剂的研究进展,并展望了NH3-SCR脱硝催化剂的未来发展方向。     

制备方法对FeMnCeOx催化剂(超)低温NH3-SCR性能的影响

锰基催化剂在(超)低温氨选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)反应中具有优异的催化性能,但抗硫性差等问题限制了其进一步工业化应用.通过改变活性组分比例及调控制备方法等手段对FeMnCeOx催化剂的理化性质和NH3-SCR催化性能进行了优化研究,结果表明:采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的FeMnCeOx(S)催化剂比采用共沉淀法制备的F...     

钒钛系SCR脱硝催化剂在高硫高钙灰条件下的适应性研究

我国的SCR脱硝技术应用开始起步,催化剂的选型及运行经验不足,特别是对高硫、高钙灰的运行经验更为缺乏。本文介绍了在模拟高硫、高钙灰的试验烟气环境下,钒钛系中温SCR脱硝催化在NH3/NOx,SO2,空速,O2,H2O等参数变化时对脱硝效率的影响;通过试验,对催化剂的抗毒性能、再生性能进行了初步研究,以期为工业化的催化剂选型提供参考。     

钨掺杂对MnCeTiOx催化剂脱硝性能的影响及其机理

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列W掺杂的MnCeTiOx催化剂,考察了W掺杂对催化剂脱硝性能和抗硫中毒性能的影响。采用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱等表征手段对MnCeTiOx和W0.15MnCeTiOx催化剂的晶体结构、表面元素价态和表面反应活性物种进行了表征分析。探讨了W掺杂提高MnCeTiOx催化剂脱硝性能和抗硫性能的反应机理。结果表明,W掺杂一方面有利于提高催化剂表面Ce3+和Mn3+物种的相对含量,另一方面使催化剂表面参与SCR反应的活性物种更加丰富,从而提高了催化剂脱硝性能和N2选择性。W掺杂也有利于抑制硫酸盐物种在催化剂表面的生成和沉积,从而提高了催化剂的抗硫中毒性能。     

浅析锅炉SNCR与SCR联合脱硝方式

通过试验数据表明,SNCR+SCR联合脱硝系统,通过不同的组合方式,使进入SCR催化剂入口截面的NH3、NOx浓度分布尽量均匀,达到提高SCR催化剂的使用功效,即试验目的是提高SNCR+SCR整体脱硝效率,而不是单独提高的SNCR或SCR脱硝效率,SCR充分利用SNCR的没有反应的逃逸氨气,进一步提高了脱硝效率。这种SNCR+SCR联合的脱硝工艺的成功应用,给我国脱硝领域开辟了新的技术形式。     

低温SCR脱硝催化剂综述

目前氮氧化物(NOx)的污染越来越严重,低温选择性催化还原法(SCR)脱硝催化技术作为新型的、具有潜力的烟气脱硝技术,备受人们关注。综述了低温SCR脱硝催化剂的的研究现状,着重介绍了锰基催化剂、钒基催化剂以及其他金属氧化物催化剂的研究进展,阐述了不同种类的催化剂制备方法、载体,以及使用不同种类的金属氧化物活性组分对催化剂活性和脱硝效率的影响,探讨了低温SCR催化剂的脱硝机理,同时介绍了烟气中水蒸气和SO2对催化过程的影响。     

V2O5/TiO2烟气脱硝催化剂的钾、钠、锌、磷中毒及再生

为研究SCR脱硝催化剂的钾、钠、锌、磷中毒,采用K,Na,Zn的氯盐和P的铵盐作为V2O5/TiO2催化剂中毒的前驱体,研究了4种物质对氨法SCR脱硝反应的影响.通过比较水洗、酸洗和氯化铵洗涤3种再生方式,对钾盐中毒的V2O5/TiO2催化剂进行了再生性能研究.最后对于新型抗中毒催化剂的制备进行了探索.实验结果表明:钾盐对于V2O5/TiO2催化剂的毒化作用最强;酸洗具有最佳的再生效果,钾盐中毒的催化剂经酸洗再生后,脱硝活性在一定条件下高于新鲜催化剂;通过添加助剂磷钨酸,V2O5/TiO2催化剂的活性温度窗口得以拓宽,且抗钾盐中毒能力也得到了提高.     

La_(1-x)Ce_xMnO_3/赤铁矿催化剂的制备与低温SCR脱硝特性

采用柠檬酸络合浸渍法在赤铁矿上负载活性物质锰酸镧(LaMnO_3),并通过调节Ce离子掺杂量、活性物质负载量,制备了一系列用于烟气SCR脱硝的催化剂.实验考察了NH3还原剂条件下La1-xCexMnO3/赤铁矿催化剂的低温催化脱硝活性,采用XRD,BET,H2-TPR和NH3-TPD等表征方法对催化剂晶体结构、比表面积和氧化还原性等进行研究.结果表明,LaMnO_3/赤铁矿催化剂具有较好的催化活性,Ce的适量掺杂可改善LaMnO_3/赤铁矿催化剂的氧化还原能力、NH3分子的吸附能力和表面微观形貌,并使活性物质均匀负载在载体表面上,促使反应物NH_3,O_2,NO更容易吸附在催化剂表面发生反应,提高脱硝效率,改善LaMnO_3/赤铁矿催化剂的低温活性,La0.8Ce0.2MnO_3/赤铁矿催化剂在空速9000h-1,180℃条件下催化还原NO转化率可达98%.     

CeO_2-TiO_2催化剂低温协同控制燃煤NO_x与汞

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了CeO_2-TiO_2(Ce Ti)催化剂,并采用BET,XRD和XPS等分析技术对催化剂进行表征。在固定床实验装置上研究Ce Ti催化剂的低温选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝及汞氧化性能。研究结果表明:铈氧化物在催化剂表面高度分散,催化剂比表面积较大,具有丰富的表面活性氧;在250℃下,Ce Ti催化剂的汞氧化效率可达80%以上,NO还原效率可达99%;在无O2条件下,NH3显著降低催化剂的汞氧化性能,在有O2条件下,NH3微弱抑制催化剂的汞氧化活性;NO在无O2条件下会抑制汞的氧化,在有O2条件下,NO对汞的氧化起促进作用;SCR脱硝及汞氧化过程的相互影响不明显;采用Ce Ti催化剂可以在低温条件下实现NO与汞的协同控制。     

SCR烟气脱硝反应器整流装置和烟道导流板采用流场模拟优化设计

SCR烟气脱硝反应器的性能主要取决于进入脱硝反应器内的NOx与NH3的混合均匀度及混合气体在进入第一层催化剂前温度、速度分布的均匀性和烟气进入催化剂前流向角偏。该文以某燃煤锅炉烟气脱硝工程的SCR装置为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法研究反应器内烟气的流动分布,在此基础上,对导流板及整流格栅进行简化,在保证混合气体进入第一层催化剂前的流向角偏差小于10°,提高了脱硝反应器的性能,进一步优化了SCR反应器的运行。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.