SMA应用于机场道面的室内实验

以三种SMA级配以及机场密级配拌和EVA改性沥青黏结料进行各项沥青混凝土工程性质试验,并以Cantabro磨损试验评估机场道面抵抗剥脱能力,以英式摆锤试验(BPT)和铺砂法量测平均纹理深度来评估机场道面的抗滑特性,且比较不同载重状况下各级配沥青混凝土抵抗车辙变形的能力,以找出最适合铺筑于机场道面的沥青混凝土。结果表明,SMA级配有较好的抗磨损、抗滑及抵抗车辙的能力。在抗滑特性上发现,公称最大粒径较大的SMA级配,较能在路面含水时提供较佳的抗滑特性。在试件未受水侵害的情况下,密级配的Cantabro磨损率明显较SMA级配高,受到水侵害1 d后发现,大致有级配越粗磨损率越大的趋势。随着载重的增加,各级配的车辙深度也会显著增加,并发现受到7天水侵害的试件的车辙深度会明显提高。抵抗各种载重的车辙能力大致以12.5 mm NMAS公路SMA级配较为稳定,若提高压实度至100%,则19 mm NMAS公路SMA则可在未受水侵害的情况下提供较佳的抵抗车辙能力。     

SMA沥青混合料性能和施工要点简介

SMA沥青混合料与普通密级配沥青混合料相比,具有较强的抗高温车辙能力、抗低温开裂能力和抗水损害能力,同时在抗滑、构造深度、降低噪音等路面使用性能方面有全面的提高.本文重点介绍了SMA沥青混合料的原材料质量控制、施工机械要求和在拌料、摊铺、碾压施工过程中的控制要求.     

沥青道面高温抗车辙性能评价指标

为解决目前机场沥青道面高温性能评价指标缺陷性（与道路指标不同,无参考标准）问题,通过汉堡车辙试验、普通车辙试验及单轴贯入试验对3种级配混合料进行测试,对动稳定度、蠕变斜率和抗剪强度指标进行了综合分析.测试结果显示,动稳定度与蠕变斜率评价指标相一致,与抗剪强度指标相反,且蠕变斜率指标对抗车辙性能区辨性最佳.同时,利用贝雷法设计参数及沥青胶结料参数对其验证发现,贝雷法能够进一步解释混合料级配高温性能优劣,粉胶比与动稳定度、抗剪强度和蠕变斜率有较好的相关性,而沥青膜厚度与其相关性较差.故建议采用动稳定度与汉堡车辙蠕变斜率、车辙深度相结合的方法来评价抗车辙性能优劣,为优化机场沥青道面配合比设计提供参考.     

抗车辙剂和SBS对热拌沥青混合料高温与低温性能的影响

车辙和开裂是沥青路面的主要病害形式,采用外加剂改善沥青路面的高温与低温性能是防治车辙和开裂的主要措施.本文在不同温度、不同含量抗车辙剂和SBS改性剂试验条件下,采用连续密级配(AC-13、AC-16)和间断级配(SMA-13、SMA-16)两类级配进行高温车辙和低温小梁弯曲试验,对沥青混合料高温和低温性能的影响进行评价.试验结果表明:沥青混合料中添加0.4%抗车辙剂或5%SBS改性剂时,其高温和低温稳定性表现最佳.其中,0.4%抗车辙剂在改善沥青混合料高温变形能力方面优于5%SBS改性剂,而在改善低温抗裂性方面效果不及后者.间断级配沥青混合料的高温稳定性与低温抗裂性优于连续密级配沥青混合料.     

浇注式沥青混凝土级配设计

针对浇注式沥青混凝土级配的设计问题,提出了两阶段设计方法.根据该方法设计了新的浇注式沥青混凝土级配,采用该级配制作的浇注式沥青混凝土,流动性能够满足施工要求,空隙率小于1%.对试件进行车辙试验、小梁弯曲试验、水稳定性试验和疲劳试验,结果表明根据两阶段设计方法设计的级配制作的浇注式沥青混凝土试件与传统级配浇注式沥青混凝土试件相比大大提高了高温稳定性,同时具有良好的低温抗裂性能、水稳定性和抗疲劳性能.因此,该设计方法是较好的浇注式沥青混凝土级配设计方法.     

探究沥青路面抗滑性能测定评价方法

通过沥青混合料配合比优化和调整沥青路面结构层形式,提高粗集料用量(大粒径),使沥青混凝土形成嵌挤型结构,增大抗滑构造深度,以提高沥青混凝土抗车辙能力和抗滑性能。     

SMA沥青混凝土路面施工控制

SMA是一种间断级配的沥青混合料,由粗集料、矿粉、沥青、细集料、纤维添加剂组成,粗骨料形成紧密嵌挤的骨架结构,纤维、矿粉、沥青和少量细集料组成的玛蹄脂填充其孔隙,使得SMA具有良好的抗车辙、抗裂、抗滑性能以及水稳定性和耐久性。本文以牡哈大修工程为例,简要阐述SMA沥青混凝土路面施工控制要点。     

SMA抗车辙性能影响因素的试验分析

为分析沥青用量、压实功、级配类型及温度4种影响因素对沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料(SMA)抗车辙性能的影响,采用马歇尔试验和车辙试验相结合的方法,完成了在这4种影响因素下SMA抗车辙性能的试验研究,在试验中着重分析了不同影响因素对SMA的动稳定度和相对变形量的影响.结果表明:马歇尔试验和车辙试验确定出的最佳沥青用量不一致,两者相差0.1％;压实功、级配类型及温度对SMA的抗车辙性能有显著影响,压实功过大或过小均可致使SMA的抗车辙性能降低,施工中应严格控制沥青路面的碾压遍数,适当增加SMA中粗集料含量,减少细集料用量能够显著改善其抗车辙性能;试验温度每升高5℃,SMA的动稳定度平均降低幅度为18.6％.     

浅谈提高热拌密级配沥青混凝土的高温性能

从提高沥青混凝土路面动稳定度出发,对沥青混凝土（以密级配沥青混凝土AC-20为例）配合比设计中抗车辙剂的掺量、用法、拌和方法进行了分析,并通过沥青混凝土目标配合比的验证,及时针对试验拌和中出现的问题提出处理意见和改进措施。     

间断密级配沥青混合料高温稳定性影响因素的试验分析

以间断密级配沥青混合料为研究对象,采用马歇尔和车辙试验相结合的方法,分析不同级配、沥青用量、碾压次数、实验温度及抗车辙剂掺量对其高温稳定性的影响.试验分析结果表明:在一定范围内适当增大集料中粗骨料及矿粉的用量,可以充分发挥间断级配中粗骨料的嵌挤作用;马歇尔试验的最佳沥青用量比车辙试验的最佳沥青用量高0.1%~0.3%;当路面温度达到65~70℃,间断密级配沥青混合料高温稳定性不能满足要求;抗车辙剂可以明显提高沥青混合料的动稳定度;在沥青用量不增加的条件下,抗车辙剂最佳用量为0.3%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-