双包层光纤激光器泵浦源的光束整形及耦合系统

为了提高双包层光纤激光器泵浦光的耦合效率,对泵浦光采用直角棱镜组进行了光束整形、空间滤波、非球面镜聚焦。实验测得滤波小孔尺寸为2mm×0.8mm时,聚焦光斑为325μm×200μm,系统的耦合效率为38％。该系统适当改进后可用于实施百瓦级光纤激光器的泵浦实验。     

光纤球端面直径与光纤数值孔径关系的实验研究

用光纤熔接机在多模光纤端面做出了一系列直径不等的球端面,通过实验对这些球端面光纤的数值孔径进行了测量。数据显示光纤球端面直径和光纤的数值孔径之间存在如下关系,即在光纤球端面直径为200μm左右时光纤的数值孔径有最大值,光纤球端面直径与200μm的差值越大光纤的数值孔径越小。     

以光子晶体光纤为基质的光纤耦合器的设计

设计了以光子晶体光纤为基质的1550nm波段的双芯光纤耦合器。耦合器双纤芯间距为4μm,空气孔孔径为1μm,孔间距为2μm,一个周期的耦合区长度为900μm。数值计算了光场在该光纤耦合器中的模场演化情况。数值计算结果表明,以光子晶体光纤为基质的光纤耦合器实现了常规光纤耦合器的功能。     

利用蚕丝制作的微米光器件的研究

利用Na2CO3水溶液将蚕茧去除丝胶得到直径为5～15μm的生物纤维,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)观察了其形貌特征。通过倏逝波耦合的方法,利用SiO2微纳光锥将波长为671 nm的红光、532 nm的绿光、473 nm的蓝光分别耦合进入微米蚕丝生物光纤,分析了其导光特性,测量了光在蚕丝纤维中的传输损耗。制作了2×2、3×1、1×4、环形等光子结构。实验证明蚕丝微米生物光纤具有良好的柔韧性和表面光滑度,其中波长为532 nm的绿光在直径为9.0μm的蚕丝纤维中传输时的损耗为0.78 dB.mm-1。     

光斑位置抖动对空间光到单模光纤耦合效率的影响分析

空间光到单模光纤耦合效率高低对激光通信系统误码率有重要影响。基于模场匹配原理分析了光斑与光纤间径向偏移、光斑与光纤模场半径之比对单模光纤耦合效率的影响。从随机角抖动与光纤对准误差两方面综合讨论了径向偏移对耦合效率的影响,通过Matlab得到了仿真结果。搭建单模光纤耦合实验,得到了径向偏移与耦合效率的实测数据,确定了本系统最大耦合效率为62%,径向偏移容差为1.52μm。     

通过离子间有效交叉驰豫实现掺Tm光纤激光器的高功率和高效率运转

通过对石英玻璃光纤芯径组分及Tm3+掺杂浓度的优化,有效地提高了Tm离子间的交叉驰豫过程,实现了掺铥光纤激光的高功率、高效率运转.当耦合的790 nm泵浦光为137 W时,掺铥光纤激光产生了81.5 W连续2.03μm激光输出,相对于耦合泵浦光的激光斜效率达62.5%,为斯托克斯极限效率的1.7倍.最后讨论了进一步提高激光输出性能的方法和可行性.     

基于乙醇填充新型光子晶体光纤的温度特性研究

文章设计了一种新型非对称圆孔光子晶体光纤,其截面是三角晶格排列的圆孔组成的两个六边形结构。在其中一个六边形圆孔中填充乙醇液体,利用乙醇液体的温敏特性,来控制两个纤芯间的耦合特性。结果表明:该型光纤的结构参数孔间距对耦合长度的作用大于孔直径的作用;在Λ1=2.00μm,Λ2=1.50μm,D=1.60μm,d=1.20μm时,耦合长度仅为13.92μm,同时温度灵敏度达到了2.25 nm/℃。     

使用锥形光纤对纳米颗粒进行振荡式光捕获

提出了利用锥形光纤对纳米颗粒进行振荡捕获的光操控方法。通过火焰加热技术将单模光纤拉制成尖端直径为1μm的锥形光纤,并且通入功率为30 m W,波长为808 nm的输入激光,溶液中的直径为800 nm的二氧化硅纳米颗粒受到沿锥形光纤方向的光学梯度力而被捕获,在锥形光纤末端焦点附近产生周期振荡现象。颗粒的振荡周期约为0.8 s,振荡中心距离锥形光纤尖端约为4.4μm,颗粒振荡振幅约为1.45μm。该方法有望对微纳颗粒及生物细胞进行振荡式的动态研究。     

基于双折射基片的微纳光纤起偏器研究

给出了一种以双折射晶体为衬底,实现高消光比的微纳光纤起偏器的方法.利用双折射晶体为衬底,研究了在不同折射率和半径的微纳光纤中传播的光波的偏振特性.当采取的微纳光纤的折射率在双折射晶体的寻常光折射率和非寻常光主折射率之间,且光纤和晶体光轴夹角足够大时,可以实现在微纳光纤中起偏.改变微纳光纤半径以及光纤和双折射晶体光轴之间的夹角可以对消光比进行调控,半径越小,消光比越大;角度越大,消光比越大.对于半径为2.1μm微纳光纤,最大的消光比为22.74dB.     

1.7～1.9 μm波段氟化物光纤拉曼激光器的理论研究

文章数值分析了基于氟化物光纤的级联拉曼脉冲光纤激光器;利用分步傅里叶法,分析了输出端耦合比、泵浦功率和光纤长度对激光器输出功率和转换效率的影响;并对激光输出进行波长调谐分析,从理论上为实现1.7～1.9μm波段的波长可调谐拉曼脉冲光纤激光器提供了依据。研究结果表明:利用1.55μm波段的泵浦源,通过一阶和二阶拉曼散射过程,该激光器能产生覆盖1.7～1.9μm波段的激光输出;该激光器模型输出端的最佳反射率约为10%;在泵浦功率约为52.893 W的情况下,最佳光纤长度在10～15 m之间;经过优化,获得最大平均输出功率为33.782 W,最高转换效率为68.2%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-