地理信息系统（GIS）的技术分析

从系统角度看，在未来的几十年内。地理信息将向着数据标准化（interoperableGIS）、数据多维化（3D＆4DGIS）、系统集成化（componentGIS）．系统智能化（CyberGIS）、平台网络化（WebGIS）和应用社会化（数字地球）的方向发展。     

浅谈计算机网络技术在科研院所图书馆（室）中的应用

随着计算机网络技术的飞速发展，加强科研院所图书馆（室）计算机网络技术建设，是21世纪信息、网络时代的必然趋势。文章通过分析利用计算机网络技术在科研院所图书馆（室）管理工作中应用的优点、针对计算机网络技术在科研院所图书馆（室）中应用的现状，提出了发展思路。希望对科研院所图书馆（室）的建设起到积极作用。     

外贸企业如何应对网络贸易的挑战

从分析网络贸易对传统贸易的挑战入手，着重提出了外贸企业应对网络贸易挑战的具体策略：（1）要对网络贸易的发展趋势有正确估计，并对传统企业在今后的发展抱有信心；（2）树立创新意识，转变经营理念与经营方式；（3）健康发展外贸企业网络贸易网站；（4）外贸企业应努力探索风险投资领域，迅速利用现有资金和人才方面的优势，组建网络创始公司，尽快步入网络贸易的行列。     

城市宽带城域网建设思路

一、现状与问题 随着 Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ发展，Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ的用户呈指数形式增长，对Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ网络的带宽要求也越来越大，为了满足用户日益增长的需求和不断出现的Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ网络应用，必须加快建设宽带城域网。 宽带城域网是一个以ＩＰ（Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ Ｐｒｏｔｏｃｏｌ）和ＡＴＭ（Ａｓｙｎｃｈｒｏｎｏｕｓ Ｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒ Ｍｏｄｅ）／ ｘＤＭＤ、 ＳＤＨ电信技术为基础，集数据。语音、视频服务于一体的高速（Ｔｂｐｓ级）、宽带（Ｇｉｇａｂｉｔ级）、多功能、多业务接入的、可发展和开放式多媒体通信网络。 …     

共轭梯度神经网络的研究

针对ＢＰ人工神经网络存在的两个缺点：（１）局部收敛问题不能很好解决；（２）收敛速度慢，提出应用改进共轭梯度算法建立人工神经网络，以获得共轭梯度网络的全局收敛特性和快收敛速度。计算机仿真结果表明：改进巫轭梯度网络优于ＢＰ网络。     

关于非单位步长的紧优双环网络G（N；r，5）

双环网络是计算机互连网络或通讯系统的一类重要拓扑结构，其图论模型是指一个有向图G（N；r，S）；每个顶点记为0，1，2，…，N-1，并从每个顶点i发出两条有向边i→i＋r（mod N）和i→i＋s（mod N），其中r和S是自然数，且1≤r≠s〈N．若G（N；r，s）存在k紧优双环网络，G（N；1，s）存在k1紧优双环网络，且满足k1〉k，称G（N；r，s）为非单位步长双环网络．在L形瓦理论的基础上，给出一个求非单位步长双环网络的方法，求得两个关于模型G（N；r，s）的紧优双环网络无限族；结合中国余数定理和数论中的素数理论，给出一个求非单位步长双环网络无限族（k1-k≥1且k〉0）的方法；作为具体应用，求得两个非单位步长双环网络无限族（k1-k≥2且k〉0）．     

基于C/S与B/S混合结构下高校图书馆管理系统的设计与实现

随着Internet网络的普及，高校图书馆管理系统正向着方便于用户使用的网络模式发展，本文设计了一个基于Internet、C／S（客户机／服务器）、B／S（浏览器／服务器）模式相结合的高校图书馆管理系统，并探讨了这种模式下的应用优势、技术开发方法和系统的安全机制。     

给定直径和最大度的大规模平面网络的新构造

构造给定直径和最大度的大规模网络是一个使人十分感兴趣的问题．在网络的许多应用中，平面性是一个很自然的限制．令p（d，k）是最大度为d和直径至多为k的平面网络的最大节点数，给出了直径至多为k和最大度为d的平面网络的两个新的构造，从而得到当k≥3为奇数，且d≥5时，p（d，k）的新的下界．此结果改进了已有文献的结果．     

消息传递网络中的消息传递机制和路由算法

消息传递网络应用十分广泛，小到超大规模集成（VLSI）内部总线，大到计算机广域网.对其中一种消息传递网络——3D环型立方体结构中消息传递机制以及路由算法进行了深入研究，提出了无死锁和无活锁的确定性路由与自适应路由相结合的路由算法，考察了虚拟直通（cut-through）和存储转发（store-and-forward）两种消息传递机制下的性能表现.通过在3D环型立方体网络上的模拟运算，验证了所提出的算法在传输延时、吞吐率等方面的性能提高；也验证了不同的消息传递机制对网络传输效率的影响.     

微系统科技的发展及电化学的新应用

根据田昭武在中国化学会第一届全国纳米技术与应用会议（2000.11.28,厦门）特邀大会报告内容整理崦成：1）微系统技术概述（技术的必要性和前景）;2）发展微系统技术的特殊困难;3）电化学在微系统技术中的应用,包括用于复杂3D-图形微加工的约束刻蚀剂层技术（CELT）;聚焦电泳和微系统在（生物）化学中的应用（μ-TAS或芯片上实验室）;芯片实验室中微流体输运网络的合理选择之一-灵巧（Smart）电渗泵;4）结论。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.