长距离盾构隧道掘进的主要问题及发展趋势

对盾构隧道工程区间施工距离变化的现状进行梳理,基于4个典型的长距离盾构隧道工程实例,对盾构隧道长距离掘进中出现的刀盘刀具磨损、盾尾密封系统失效、管路磨损、复杂地层盾构开舱、地下对接等问题以及其主要技术原理、技术流程、适用范围及优缺点进行归纳总结,并对我国智能化快速施工技术发展进行了展望。     

江底盾构隧道施工期流固耦合分析

渗流场对于高水压条件下施工期间水下盾构隧道结构及围岩应力场有很大影响.采用有限元方法,通过对江底盾构隧道施工期渗流场单场数值模拟和流固耦合分析,获得施工期渗流场分布特征、围岩位移场分布及衬砌背后孔隙水压分布等,对比分析了双洞同时开工及先后施工的隧道开挖断面周边位移、孔隙水压变化等差异,并提出高水压下隧道地下水排导方式,所得结论可为类似工程的设计施工提供了有益参考及依据.     

广深港高速铁路狮子洋水下盾构隧道修建技术

广深港客运专线狮子洋隧道为我国首座水下铁路隧道，也是我国第一条特长水下隧道，其设计速度达350 km/h，该隧道为广深港高速铁路的关键性工程。针对该隧道的工程地质环境和采用的盾构法施工技术，特别是该隧道在我国首次采用了盾构对接方法施工，介绍了该隧道修建的有关设计与施工的技术，并提出了相应的技术措施。     

浅论隧道盾构施工技术措施

隧道盾构施工技术是一种适用于现代城市向地下发展的重要施工方法.随着我国经济技术的不断发展,盾构法隧道施工技术在我国隧道施工中被广泛应用.该文结合工程实例,简单介绍了隧道盾构施工技术的基本原理的特点和盾构施工技术措施等.     

城市轨道交通隧道盾构施工关键技术探讨

采用盾构法施工建造各类地下管道已经非常普遍，例如在地下铁道、越江隧道及电厂的排水隧道等，正由于盾构法工艺的广泛应用，盾构的施工技术得到了很快的发展。但盾构法施工上还有很多技术难点，对盾构的管片拼装、密封、压浆等技术进行分析。     

北京地下直径线大直径盾构隧道技术研究

以北京地下直径线双线大直径（11.6 m）盾构隧道的设计技术研究为背景,重点介绍了该盾构隧道的盾构选型、盾构管片结构计算、管片结构设计、管片防水设计等技术,并对该盾构隧道施工的设计要求做了简单叙述,对今后类似工程具有一定参考价值。     

中国隧道及地下工程修建技术

主要介绍了我国隧道与地下工程的设计理论及方法、钻爆法隧道施工技术、盾构隧道施工技术和TBM（tunnel boring machine）施工技术等。指出了我国隧道及地下工程今后研究的方向：大埋深特长隧道的修建技术,城市地下空间规划,隧道及地下工程的动态设计以及降低工程造价的方法等。     

基于地层损失理论的盾构隧道沉降分析及控制措施研究

对于盾构隧道施工产生的地表沉降的预测及控制一直是工程界亟待解决的难题。本文依托南京市地铁3号线明发广场站～绕城北区间隧道的工程实例,运用地层损失理论及现场监测等手段进行了盾构隧道沉降分析,并对其沉降控制措施进行了研究,结果表明：盾构隧道施工过程中引起的地层损失是导致地表沉降的主要原因;地层损失理论中的peck公式适用于粘土层和砂岩层中盾构隧道沉降预测,其精确度满足工程要求;盾构隧道沉降的影响因素较多,且在整个盾构施工过程中各个阶段产生的沉降机理、规律各不相同;通过注浆加固、严格控制盾构机姿态、管片组装质量可减小地应力损失,减小盾构施工引起的地表沉降。所得结论对于类似工程有极大借鉴意义。     

浅覆土条件下盾构穿越大型雨污水箱涵施工技术研究

采用盾构法技术在隧道浅覆土区域推进施工,因考虑到土压力设置及相关联的地表沉降等诸多因素,给盾构施工带来了很大的难度。在浅覆土条件下穿越建构筑物则更加困难,需考虑的不仅是盾构推进的控制、还增加了建构筑物保护等多种因素。该文结合了武汉某地铁盾构区间施工标段的工程实例,针对盾构机浅覆土地铁隧道穿越大型雨污水箱涵施工的有关技术进行初步探索和总结。     

地铁低瓦斯区间小间距重叠隧道大直径盾构施工技术

针对成都地铁18号线天府新站-龙泉山隧道进口端盾构区间和合江车辆段出入线组成的上下重叠隧道进行了施工技术研究,提出了"下部隧道盾构掘进参数控制+下部隧道围岩和夹层土体注浆双加固+下部隧道内设管片支撑结构+上部隧道盾构掘进参数控制"施工措施,建立了地铁区间小间距重叠隧道大直径盾构施工技术。经管片支撑结构应力、地表沉降和下隧道管片结构变形监测结果分析,验证了建立的技术的可行性,安全快速地完成了施工任务,对今后类似工程提供参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.