LCL型并网逆变器的自适应 开关频率控制

针对光伏系统工作在低功率状态下LCL滤波器的滤波效果变差的问题,提出一种根据逆变器瞬时输出功率改变开关频率的控制策略.首先,分析LCL滤波器各参数的设计方法,采用单级光伏并网逆变结构,在基于电网电压定向的矢量控制(VOC)的基础上建立频率控制环,以确定当前功率状态下开关管的最佳开关频率.其次,分析频率环中功率鉴定器、频率鉴定器和频率滞环比较器的设计方法.最后,通过实验对比传统固定开关频率控制和自适应开关频率控制的并网电流波形.实验结果表明:该自适应开关频率控制方法能降低并网电流畸变率,有效改善并网电能质量,控制策略具有可行性和有效性.     

LCL滤波并网逆变器控制技术综述

并网逆变器是微电网与大电网的接口,控制进网电流质量是系统的关键.LCL滤波器具有良好抑制高频能力,但谐振频率处的谐振峰会导致系统的不稳定.针对LCL滤波器谐振电流控制技术,分析系统谐振的根源;结合典型电流抑制方案介绍控制器设计思想,分析设计方法的利弊.指出并网逆变器研究所面临的问题和未来的研究方向.     

微电网系统中并联LCL滤波器谐振特性

微电网系统中的并联接口逆变器通常采用电感-电容-电感(LCL)滤波器接入公共交流母线。该文分析了并联逆变器系统中LCL滤波器的谐振频率分布情况,并和传统的单逆变器系统LCL滤波器谐振频率分布特点进行了比较。理论结果显示:和传统的单逆变器系统相比,并联系统中出现了额外的谐振尖峰,且谐振频率随着网侧电感取值的变化发生偏移。理论分析表明:上述谐振频率的改变由滤波器无源网络变化引起。仿真和实验结果验证了该谐振峰值的存在。     

基于滤波器的有源阻尼控制的LCL型光伏并网逆变器

依据LCL型光伏并网逆变器离散域数学模型,从采样频率与LCL滤波器谐振频率之间的关系入手,讨论了小于、等于以及大于临界采样频率的不同频段内系统的稳定性.深入分析在不同的采样频率下,LCL型并网逆变系统产生不稳定的因素,并指出改造系统特性的方法.引入2种不同的数字滤波器分别与比例谐振(PR)控制器构成复合控制器,分别从系统幅值和相位两方面改造系统特性,使整个并网系统在不同的采样频率下保持稳定.仿真与实验结果验证了本文分析结论的正确性.     

并网逆变器的改进型复合控制

针对低阻尼三阶系统LCL滤波器容易发生谐振的现状,采用并网电流和电容电流双闭环控制策略对并网电流进行控制,并在此基础上设计了采用自适应性改进型内模和插入式结构的重复控制器,同传统的PI控制结合构成新的改进型复合控制,从而提高了其稳定性,减小了入网电流的谐波,提高了并网逆变器的性能.通过仿真和实验验证了所提复合控制方案的可行性与优越性.无论电网电压频率是否变动,该方案都可以在有效避免进网电流谐振的同时实现进网电流的高功率因数.     

SAPF并网LCL滤波器稳定性

针对并联有源电力滤波器并网接口LCL滤波器存在谐振峰,易使系统发散的问题,利用增加系统阻尼的方式对滤波器进行改进.研究分析有源阻尼方式优于无源阻尼方式,提出电容电流内环反馈、电容电压内环反馈以及电感电流内环反馈三种双闭环控制模型.通过伯德图法、根轨迹法确定系统的稳定性以及稳定范围,并确定最佳增阻尼.研究结果表明:该方法可有效抑制谐振峰,且稳定性好、成本低、效率高.     

基于比例积分谐振调节的光伏并网逆变器电流控制方法

为解决电网电压畸变影响光伏逆变器电流控制性能的问题,提出一种基于比例积分谐振(PIR)调节器的电流控制方法.首先确定了光伏逆变器含有电流内环、直流电压外环的控制结构,PIR调节器用于对电流内环中电网电压畸变扰动的抑制与基波电流的跟踪.由于光伏逆变器的LCL滤波器与PIR调节器阶数较高,在设计控制参数时面临诸多问题,接着提出一种基于离散系统根轨迹法的PIR调节器参数设计方法,避免了连续域设计的调节器参数直接应用于数字控制器,从而引发调节器性能偏差甚至失稳.分析结果显示,在电网频率以及LCL滤波器参数变化时,设计参数依然可使系统具有较好的适应性.最后在Simulink上搭建仿真模型,验证了基于PIR调节的电流控制方法的可行性以及所设计调节器参数的正确性.     

光孤子通信系统中滤波器的自动跟踪控制

光孤子通信系统中滤波器的自动跟踪控制王辉，杨祥林（南京建筑工程学院，南京２１０００９）（东南大学电子工程系，南京２１００１８）为确保滤波器的谐振频率与孤子平均频率一致，必须对滤波器的谐振频率加以控制，以消除外界因素对腔长的影响．本文提出了控制腔长的光...     

光伏并网逆变器准比例谐振抑制策略

针对光伏并网逆变器采用准比例谐振控制策略时,忽略了LCL滤波器本身存在的谐振问题,采用无源阻尼和有源虚拟阻尼电阻并联两种方案,抑制LCL滤波器产生的谐波,提高并网电压和电流的稳定性.通过建立无源和有源的系统控制模型,构建开闭环传递函数,从而求出前馈系数.研究结果表明:有源阻尼电阻并联比无源阻尼电阻并联方案能更好抑制谐波,不额外增加功率损耗,能提高系统的动稳态性能,降低并网电流和电压的谐波含量.     

感应电能传输系统环流抑制方法

感应电能传输技术是一种利用磁场耦合来实现电能以无接触的方式进行传输的技术。在系统中,由于开关管在谐振电容电压非零点切换会导致环流的出现。环流使谐振电容电压波形发生畸变,EMI增强,开关管损耗增大,严重影响系统的稳定性和传输效率 ［6］。通过分析指出谐振频率变化是环流产生的原因。通过分析开关管在谐振电压过零点之前和过零点之后切换时环流的特点以及开关频率与谐振频率之间的关系,提出一种通过实时检测环流方向,动态调节开关频率与谐振频率一致,以保证开关管在谐振电容电压过零点切换,从而抑制环流。给出了以FPGA芯片为载体的环流抑制系统的设计方案。通过搭建硬件电路验证了该控制方法的有效性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-