匀浆法提取-离子色谱法测定卷烟纸中钾、钠、钙、镁

研究了用离子色谱法同时测定卷烟纸中钾、钠、钙、镁.卷烟纸用1%的盐酸溶液匀浆法提取,然后以Ionpac CS16(5mm×250mm,5μm)离子交换柱为固定相,0.03mol/L甲烷磺酸为流动相分离,电导检测器检测测定,方法的检出限为1.8～6.5μg·L-1,加标回收率为94%～104%,相对标准偏差为0.84%～1.2%,结果满意.     

磁固相萃取与高效液相色谱法联用测定蜂蜜中的苯酚残留量

建立了一种磁固相萃取和高效液相色谱相结合测定蜂蜜中苯酚含量的新方法.制备了磁性氧化石墨烯复合材料,作为磁固相萃取吸附剂,通过红外光谱对其进行表征,并优化了影响磁固相萃取效率的一些主要因素,包括吸附剂用量、萃取时间和洗脱时间、样品pH值和样品体积、洗脱剂种类和用量等.在最佳条件下,该方法的线性范围为0.05μg·L~(-1)～125μg·L~(-1),线性相关系数(R~2)为0.998 6,检出限为0.02μg·L~(-1)(S/N=3),回收率为87.3%～92.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.1%(c=0.1μg·L~(-1),n=7).结果表明,该方法成功地应用于测定蜂蜜样品中的苯酚含量.     

HPLC-ICP-MS联用测试环境水样中的烷基汞

建立了以0.06mol·L-~(1)乙酸氨-5%(v/v)甲醇-0.1%(v/v)2巯基乙醇作为流动相,以C-18色谱柱作为分离柱,高效液相色谱-电杆耦合等离子体质谱联用技术测试环境水样中烷基汞的方法。该方法甲基汞和乙基汞的线性范围为0.5~10ug·L-~(1),三种形态汞的回收率均在80%~100%之间。实验结果表明,该方法样品前处理简单,样品回收率稳定,能应用于环境水样烷基汞的测试。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用法测定水中Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)

该文探讨可用于同时测定环境水样中的Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)的分析方法,结果表明,Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)在1～100μg·L~(-1)范围内线性良好(r=0.9999),两者方法检出限分别为0.4μg·L~(-1)、0.3μg·L~(-1),样品加标回收率在96.8%～106%之间,相对标准偏差在1.04%～6.34%之间。6家不同实验室对比结果显示,方法具有较好再现性和分析准确度。     

凝胶渗透色谱-固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定油脂及油炸食品中的酚类抗氧化剂

建立了使用凝胶渗透色谱-固相萃取-高效液相色谱(GPC-SPE-HPLC)测定油脂及油炸食品中的4种常见酚类抗氧化剂没食子酸丙酯(PG)、叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)、叔丁基对羟基茴香醚(BHA)和二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)的方法.试样经乙酸乙酯-环己烷(V(乙酸乙酯)∶V(环已烷)=1∶1)和乙腈漩涡振荡萃取,凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和HLB固相萃取柱净化,以乙腈-体积分数为0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,以BDS HYPERSIL C18柱作为分离柱,在检测波长280nm下用紫外检测器检测.方法的检出限为0.6～1.0mg/kg(油脂样品)和0.3～0.5mg/kg(油炸样品),定量限为2～3mg/kg(油脂样品)和1～1.7mg/kg(油炸样品),线性相关系数r>0.998,平均回收率为80.3%～94.0%(油脂样品)和80.3%～93.4%(油炸样品);相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.22%～8.80%(油脂样品)和2.74%～9.62%(油炸样品).该方法选择性好,灵敏度高,检出限低,能够成功地应用于油脂及油炸食品中4种常见酚类抗氧化剂的检测.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定硅铝铁合金中主要元素的研究

应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)法,对硅铝铁合金中的Al,Fe,Ca,Cr,Mn,Ni,Si,Ti元素进行测定.研究了ICP-AES的操作条件和溶样方法,确定了适宜的实验条件,使用该方法测定硅铝铁合金中上述元素,标准钢样测定结果与推荐值相符.对各种元素的检出限分别为Al(0.029 mg·L-1),Fe(0.004 mg·L-1),Ca(0.007 5 mg·L-1),Cr(0.001 5 mg·L-1),Mn(0.000 9 mg·L-1),Ni(0.0027mg·L-1),Si(0.045 mg·L-1),Ti(0.003 mg·L-1),对所测元素,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.64%～3.16%之间,加标回收率在98%～103.8%范围.测定样品中高含量硅的结果与标准化学(重量)法的结果也相符(相对误差＜2%).本文方法具有简便易行和便于推广的特点.     

固体床酸化半两步沼气发酵

用常规发酵器的上清液,将固体床中酸化阶段所产生的酸液冲洗至常规发酵器内进行甲烷化发酵,可使常规发酵器的甲烷化能力得到充分利用,并可使固体床后期顺利转入干发酵阶段。该工艺过程克服了干发酵易酸化及常规消化器产气率低的弊病,使常规发酵器在35℃运转时最高产气率达3.12L·L~(-1)·d~(-1),所产气体甲烷含量为70％左右;干发酵最高产气率为1.50L·L~(-1)·d~(-1),所产气体甲烷含量为40％～50％。通过调节酸液的冲冼量还可以使每天的产气量得到控制。     

四磺酸基酞菁锌的荧光光谱及其分析应用

研究四磺酸基酞菁锌(ZnTsPc)在溶液中的荧光性质,发现ZnTsPc位于690 nm (λEx=390 nm)的发射峰强度在pH=12.0、c(CTAB)为7.46×10-4 mol·L-1时达最大值.讨论了pH和表面活性剂对四磺酸基酞菁锌存在形式的影响,指出四磺酸基酞菁锌的解聚是使发射峰强度增大的主要原因.加入甲巯咪唑(thiamazole)可使荧光发生猝灭,优化了荧光猝灭法测定甲巯咪唑的最佳条件: pH=11.2, c(CTAB)=7.64×10-4 mol·L-1, c(ZnTsPc)=2.0×10-5 mol·L-1.在优化的测定条件下,在0.2～1.0 μmol·L-1范围, c(甲巯咪唑)(单位:μmol·L-1)与ΔF(F0-F)的关系为ΔF=61400 c(甲巯咪唑) 50100, 检测限为0.16 μmol·L-1.利用该法测定样品中甲巯咪唑的含量,结果令人满意.     

一次性塑料餐具中尼泊金酯迁移量的测定

该文建立了RP-HPLC法快速测定一次性塑料餐具中尼泊金甲酯、尼泊金乙酯、尼泊金丙酯、尼泊金丁酯和尼泊金异辛酯迁移量的方法.优化了色谱分离和分析条件,采用Diamonsil C₁₈(150 mm×4.6 mm×5 μm)色谱柱分离,用甲醇-水体系梯度洗脱,检测波长为254 nm,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温为30 ℃.该方法的线性范围为5～1 000 ng·mL^-1(R>0.99),检出限为0.37～0.52 ng·mL^-1,重现性良好,日内及日间重复测定的相对标准偏差分别为4.0%～5.3%、4.3%～7.5%.该方法成功应用于塑料杯、塑料碗、塑料盘等一次性塑料餐具中5种尼泊金酯迁移量的测定.     

西江水体中多环芳烃的分布特征

采用玻璃纤维滤膜过滤分离西江水柱样品,并根据气相色谱一质谱联用(GC-MS)对多环芳烃(PAHs)进行定量分析.结果表明,溶解相和颗粒相中多环芳烃的浓度分别为21.7～138 ng·L-1和40.9～238μg·kg-1.水体中多环芳烃的总含量(颗粒相及溶解相),洪水期(43.9～116.9ng·L-1)大于枯水期(25.2～34.1 ng·L-1).从PAHs组成特点来看,溶解相以3环的PAHs为主,占总组分的80%;而颗粒相以3环、4环的PAHs为主,分别占总组分的48%和41%.西江水体多环芳烃的总含量,高于欧洲一些低污染水域,但低于国内一些主要河流.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-