砂轮约束磨粒喷射加工表面自相关性及功率谱分析

磨粒喷射精密光整加工是重要零件在磨削后进行去除表面缺陷层、降低粗糙度和波纹度为目的的光整加工新工艺.试验在M7120磨床上完成,加工试样为Ra=0.2~0.6μm的#45钢,加工表面形貌和微观几何参数用SEM和TR200表面轮廓仪测量.应用随机过程中的相关性从自相关、功率谱密度函数两方面对磨削表面和光整加工表面进行了研究.分析结果表明,该加工方法明显提高了工件的表面质量,降低了工件的表面粗糙度并均化了波纹度.     

电化学机械光整加工表面相关性分析

应用随机过程的相关性在自相关、互相关两方面对精磨加工表面和电化学机械光整加工表面进行了研究，分析了光整加工对工件表面的影响，结果表明电化学机械光整加工提高了工件的表面质量，降低了工件的表面粗糙度．     

脉冲电化学光整加工实验研究

用中性电解液进行脉冲电化学表面光整加工可获得良好的表面质量．着重研究了加工的电流密度及电解液浓度对加工表面质量的影响规律，找出了最佳电解液浓度及电流密度．研究表明，脉冲电化学光整加工技术有望在很多关键零件表面光整加工中发挥重要作用。     

脉冲电化学光整加工表面质量的神经网络模型研究

利用神经网络方法研究了脉冲电化学光整加工表面质量与各主要工艺参量之间的复杂非线性关系,建立了二者之间的神经网络预测模型,预测结果与实验结果较为吻合。研究结果表明,神经网络计算用来预测脉冲电化学光整加工的工艺性能是可行的。     

脉冲电化学齿轮光整加工电源设计与研究

脉冲电化学齿轮光整加工工艺具有加工效率高、成本低、表面质量好等特点，其实现的关键环节之一是高频、大功率脉冲电源，因此介绍了脉冲电化学齿轮光整加工工艺的原理及特点，论述了脉冲电源的构成原理及设计思路，设计制造出基于现代电力电子器件——绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)的高频、大功率脉冲电源；应用该电源进行齿轮脉冲电化学光整加工试验，得到了满意的结果。     

砂轮约束磨粒喷射精密光整加工表面形貌的创成机理

针对磨削加工存在表面缺陷层,重要零件需要在磨削后进行以去除表面缺陷层、降低粗糙度和波纹度等光整加工的实际,提出了砂轮约束磨粒喷射光整加工新工艺,将磨削与磨粒喷射精密光整加工一体化·阐述了表面光整加工的主要方法,研究了砂轮约束磨粒喷射精密光整加工材料去除机理和微观表面形貌的创成机理,在楔形区游离磨粒获得能量对工件进行抛磨、滑擦、微耕犁和微切削是材料去除机理的核心因素,磨料流体侧向挤出是均化和降低表面波纹度的主要因素·试验表明,该方法能明显去除磨削加工过度塑性变形、降低表面粗糙度和均化波纹度,对丰富精密光整加工工艺和理论具有重要意义,并对工业生产有实用价值·     

砂轮约束磨粒喷射加工表面残余应力及摩擦特性

针对磨削后工件表面出现缺陷问题,提出砂轮约束磨粒喷射光整加工方法(AJF).试验在M7120平面磨床上完成,加工试样为Sa=0.6μm左右的45钢.工件表面残余应力用TW3040-60 X射线衍射仪测量;利用MG-2000型销盘式摩擦磨损试验机研究表面形貌对摩擦系数和磨损性能的影响.试验结果表明:随着加工时间的增加,磨削表面的残余拉应力逐渐变成压应力,加工时间对残余应力有显著影响.Sa值由0.626μm下降到0.2μm左右.光整加工后表面摩擦系数和磨损量与磨削加工表面相比明显降低,表面硬度随加工时间的延长逐渐提高,这与工件表面残余应力的变化一致.     

基于圆弧刀补偿加工的平面调制切削技术研究

针对尖刀加工的平面调制微结构表面质量差以及尖刀顶部尖角易磨损的现象,本文系统分析了尖刀在加工平面调制结构时轮廓误差的形成机理,发现了尖刀加工调制表面的轮廓误差大且存在难以补偿的特性,调制结构的轮廓误差与刀尖宽度成正比,与调制的周幅比值(λ/a)成反比．为此,本文提出了采用圆弧刀具结合刀具半径补偿方法以降低平面调制样品轮廓误差的技术方案．实验结果表明,采用圆弧刀结合刀具补偿方法对平面调制结构的轮廓精度提升具有显著作用,相比于尖刀切削,圆弧刀补偿加工的一维调制样品获得了更高的表面质量和轮廓精度．针对幅值a=4μm,周期λ=60μm的平面调制样品,采用圆弧刀补偿加工方案,调制样品的表面粗糙度R_a值由59.66 nm降至21 nm,轮廓误差精度提高了约20%.     

电化学砂带超精加工表面质量预测与加工参数确定

电化学砂带超精加工(ECBS)轴承滚道比传统油石超精法在加工质量及加工效率上具有优势,但其加工效果受很多因素和复杂的动态关系影响.为预测加工质量和选择加工参数,基于最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)理论,在ECBS实验基础上建立了加工参数问多元回归非线性智能化预测模型.结合正交实验,评价了光整加工参数对表面粗糙度的影响,并获得训练预测模型所需的数据样本.研究结果表明:预测值和实验值具有较好的一致性,表面粗糙度预测值的平均绝对百分误差为3.33%,电流密度预测值的平均绝对百分误差为2.52%.     

光散射法测量表面粗糙度的研究

本文对用光散射方法测量表面粗糙度的原理进行了探讨,研制了表面粗糙度的测量装置.利用该装置对用不同加工方法加工出来的表面粗糙度(R_a=0.02～10μm)进行测量.此外,由于采用了光调制技术,从而克服了照明光、背景光及电噪声对输出信号的影响,故该装置可用于精密切削过程中对加工表面粗糙度的在线监测.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.