微镁脱氧时间对钛脱氧钢夹杂物特征的影响

先将C-Mn钢在1600℃下钛脱氧15min,然后再加入MgSi合金脱氧不同时间,最后对脱氧后试样进行淬火冷却.采用ASPEX Explorer夹杂物电镜/能谱自动分析仪研究了微镁脱氧时间对钛脱氧钢夹杂物尺寸分布、成分及形貌的影响.随着微镁脱氧时间的增加,夹杂物粒子数量逐渐减少,尺寸有所增加,夹杂物粒子尺寸分布符合正态分布;富MgAl2O4及TiOx复合夹杂物聚合上浮,夹杂物类型由富MgAl2O4、MgO和TiOx转变为富MgAl2O4和MgO复合夹杂物.另外,减少镁脱氧时间有益于提高单位体积夹杂物粒子数量以及获得细小的富MgAl2O4、MgO及TiOx夹杂物粒子铸态试样.     

连铸中间包钢液中凝聚态氧化铝夹杂物运动行为的数值模拟

在Euler-Lagrange框架下,基于应用分形理论对凝聚态Al2O3夹杂物形貌结构进行定量分析的基础上,数值模拟研究了连铸中间包钢液中不同形貌凝聚态Al2O3夹杂物的运动行为.研究发现中间包钢液流场和夹杂物形貌尺寸共同影响夹杂物在钢液中的运动行为.随着尺寸的变大,簇群状和致密球形两种形貌Al2O3夹杂物上浮去除率都逐渐增加.在相同尺寸下,簇群状Al2O3夹杂物上浮去除率比致密球形Al2O3夹杂物低;随着尺寸的增加,簇群状Al2O3夹杂物上浮去除率相比于同尺寸致密球形Al2O3夹杂物降低得就越多.计算结果显示,与同尺寸的致密球形Al2O3夹杂物相比,直径为20、40、60和80μm的簇群状Al2O3夹杂物上浮去除率分别降低了4.8%、5.7%、6.4%和12.5%.     

应用镁蒸气对模具钢中夹杂物变性的研究

D2冷作模具钢最常见的失效形式为磨损失效,改善夹杂物的数量、形态和分布能降低钢的磨损率.利用颗粒镁在高温下生成镁蒸气,并通过高纯氩气携带通入钢液中,考察了镁对钢中非金属夹杂物的变性效果.实验结果表明,镁蒸气通入钢液后,钢中非金属夹杂物尺寸明显变得细小,夹杂物的成分从单纯的Al2O3和Al2O3与Cr,Mo和V等合金氧化物的复合产物向富MgO的MgO和Al2O3复合夹杂物转变.铸态组织的观察结果表明细小夹杂物在钢液中的残存对于凝固和相变过程中钢的晶粒细化有利.     

GCr15轴承钢中MnS-Al_2O_3复合夹杂物析出行为

对于钢液铝脱氧精炼过程产生的Al_2O_3夹杂物严重影响钢的性能,而在钢液凝固过程中MnS夹杂物容易包裹着Al_2O_3夹杂物形成复合夹杂物,这种复合夹杂物改善钢材的性能有重要意义。通过场发射扫描电镜和能谱对国内某钢厂连铸坯中夹杂物形貌以及组成进行观察与分析,发现大量MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物。同时通过理论热力学阐述MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物的析出机理,计算得出:Al_2O_3夹杂物在钢液中形成,Mn S夹杂物在钢液凝固过程中形成,由于Al_2O_3夹杂物先析出,Mn S夹杂物可以在先析出的Al_2O_3夹杂物进行形核与长大,为钢中MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物生成提供了理论依据。     

镁对H13模具钢中夹杂物变性的影响简

本文研究了镁对H13模具钢中夹杂物的影响,对H13钢中夹杂物的变性进行了热力学计算,分析了镁对夹杂物成分、形貌和粒径分布的影响。结果表明,镁处理H13钢后,夹杂物由Al2 O3转变为MgO·Al2 O3,复合型夹杂物的析出位置也发生了改变,夹杂物粒径变小。镁处理使钢中1μm左右的夹杂物增多,2μm以上的夹杂物减少,随着镁含量的升高,粒径的变化更明显。铝质量分数为0．01％～0．03％的H13钢中,微量的镁就可促使MgO·Al2O3夹杂物形成,镁质量分数超过1×10^-4会导致H13钢中MgO·Al2O3完全消失,镁质量分数在3×10^-5～5．5×10^-5时钢液中镁铝尖晶石的数量达到最多。     

镁对H13模具钢中夹杂物变性的影响

本文研究了镁对H13模具钢中夹杂物的影响,对H13钢中夹杂物的变性进行了热力学计算,分析了镁对夹杂物成分、形貌和粒径分布的影响。结果表明,镁处理H13钢后,夹杂物由Al2O3转变为MgO·Al2O3,复合型夹杂物的析出位置也发生了改变,夹杂物粒径变小。镁处理使钢中1μm左右的夹杂物增多,2μm以上的夹杂物减少,随着镁含量的升高,粒径的变化更明显。铝质量分数为0.01%~0.03%的H13钢中,微量的镁就可促使MgO·Al2O3夹杂物形成,镁质量分数超过1×10-4会导致H13钢中MgO·Al2O3完全消失,镁质量分数在3×10-5~5.5×10-5时钢液中镁铝尖晶石的数量达到最多。     

Ti-- Mg 复合脱氧和硫含量对钢中夹杂物特征及 MnS析出行为的影响

采用扫描电镜/能谱仪表征了管线钢中夹杂物的形貌、尺寸、成分及数量,考察了不同 Ti/ Mg 比的钢中夹杂物特征、硫含量及脱氧产物数量对 MnS 析出行为的影响,并进行了热力学计算.结果表明：Ti- Mg 脱氧钢中夹杂物以 MgO- Al2 O3-Ti2 O3、MgO- Ti2 O3或 MgO 为核心,表面包裹或局部析出 MnS,粒径小于1.3μm,数量为300~450 mm -2,形貌为圆形、多边形和方形;夹杂物中 Ti/ Mg 原子数比为0.05~0.2时,夹杂物细小且近圆形;随硫含量减少,凝固过程中 MnS 析出倾向减小, MnS 在夹杂物表面由包裹析出向局部析出转变,提高氧化物夹杂数量,有利于细小 MnS 的包裹或局部异质形核;Ti- Mg 复合脱氧产物细小、弥散,可作为 MnS 异质形核核心,可同时降低 MnS 及氧化物的危害.     

无取向硅钢RH精炼过程中夹杂物行为研究

针对无取向硅钢RH精炼工艺各阶段现场取样,系统研究了钢中夹杂物数量、尺寸及成分的演变规律及钢水的洁净度变化。结果表明,钢中夹杂物主要是Al_2O_3及其复合夹杂,尺寸大部分集中在0～2μm,形状以球形和椭球形为主。从RH进站到RH出站,钢中夹杂物数量不断减少,共减少了9.63个/mm2,而尺寸小于1μm的夹杂物仅仅减少了0.85个/mm~2,可见细小夹杂物去除效果不明显。加Al脱氧一个循环时,夹杂物体积百分数下降最快,平均去除率为71.6%,钢中平均总氧含量下降了70%,钢液的洁净度明显提高。但铝脱氧后生成大量细小夹杂物,且随着加Al循环的进行有明显长大的趋势。适当延长铝脱氧的净循环时间,可能是促进细小夹杂物充分长大去除的有效途径。     

低碳微合金钢中Ti_xO--MnS型复合夹杂对焊接热影响区微观组织相变的影响

对比分析了两种低碳微合金钢中夹杂物对焊接热影响区组织相变的影响.对实验钢中夹杂物的分布和尺寸进行观察并在透射电镜下分析了夹杂物的选区衍射斑图样.采用热膨胀法结合金相分析建立了实验钢的连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线)和等温转变曲线(TTT曲线).研究发现,Ti脱氧钢中夹杂物以尺寸小于3μm的TixO--MnS型球状复合夹杂为主,其中TixO核心有两种类型(Ti2O3和Ti3O5).这类夹杂物具有诱导晶内针状铁素体形核的能力,针状铁素体优先在TixO--MnS型复合夹杂界面上形核,从而导致Ti脱氧钢相对于Al脱氧钢的贝氏体相变开始温度升高,相变时间也明显提前.     

铝、镁脱氧钢中夹杂物的动态演变规律

本研究制备了不同氧、硫含量的实验钢,采用SEM-EDX和CSLM探讨了钢中夹杂物类型及高温演变规律.结果表明,脱氧生成的MgO大多为球形,而MgO·Al2O3呈现不规则形状.单独铝脱氧钢中Al2O3夹杂物通过移动、碰撞、聚合的方式形成大型簇团.铝镁复合脱氧钢中夹杂物形貌和动态演变随着［Al］,［Mg］和［S］含量的变化呈现出不同的现象.当［Mg］,［Al］含量满足MgO生成条件时,夹杂物无明显聚合现象,呈弥散分布的特征;当［Mg］,［Al］含量位于MgO·Al2O3生成区域时,未观察到团簇状夹杂物出现,但夹杂物粒径较MgO大;当夹杂物成分同时满足MgO和MgS生成条件时,夹杂物聚合趋势明显,推测是硫化物的形成促进了夹杂物的聚合现象.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-