小方坯结晶器锥度优化

利用商业软件Thercast建立了描述水冷结晶器内钢液凝固传热和弹塑性变形的有限元模型,对凝固过程进行三维热力耦合求解。首先在坯壳表面施加热流密度,从而得到铸坯结晶器内凝固收缩量和坯壳温度分布,并分析钢水静压力的影响,提出结晶器锥度的设计原则,以确定合适的结晶器纵断面锥度。然后在结晶器铜管冷面施加水冷换热系数,并考虑保护渣和气隙对坯壳凝固的影响,研究坯壳在结晶器内的凝固过程,从而验证所提锥度的合理性。     

CSP结晶器内钢液流动及凝固的数值模拟

应用数值模拟方法,建立CSP漏斗型结晶器内钢液流动及凝固传热耦合模型。针对结晶器内铸坯角部受到强冷的特点,对结晶器内热流密度采用修正方程进行计算,分析热流密度修正系数对铸坯凝固坯壳表面温度计算精度的影响。通过比较不同拉坯速率下结晶器内钢液凝固的特点,研究凝固坯壳对结晶器内钢液流动行为的影响。结果表明,采用热流密度修正系数后,铸坯凝固坯壳角部温度的计算值与实际情况更相符;提高拉坯速率可使铸坯凝固坯壳厚度减小;拉坯速率较大时凝固坯壳厚度随铸坯距弯月面距离的增大基本呈线性增长,拉坯速率为3m/min时,凝固坯壳在生长过程中厚度的增长有短暂的停滞现象;凝固坯壳对钢液流动的影响较大,主要是由钢液有效流动区域减少及两相区额外动量阻损造成的。     

方坯结晶器角部钢液初始凝固行为及其影响因素的数值模拟分析

针对方坯结晶器内角部区域钢液的初始凝固行为,建立耦合方坯、保护渣和结晶器铜板的传热数学模型,研究结晶器圆角半径、角部铜板厚度及冷却水量对铸坯角部温度分布及凝固坯壳厚度的影响。结果表明,增大结晶器圆角半径、增加角部铜板厚度或降低结晶器内冷却水量,均可一定程度上改善初始凝固区域铸坯凝固坯壳厚度的周向均匀性,提升铸坯质量;其中,增大结晶器圆角半径的影响效果最为显著。     

连铸结晶器与铸坯传热的有限元分析

钢坯连铸过程中,钢水经过结晶器冷却后,形成了具有一定厚度的凝固坯壳,坯壳厚度取决于结晶器材料、厚度、长度,冷却水流量以及拉坯速度。利用有限元方法对铸坯在结晶器内的形成过程建立模型,结晶器界面使用等效导热系数,用等效导热系数处理钢液与结晶器内壁的边界传热,并对连铸钢坯与结晶器温度场建立模型进行数值模拟,参考模拟结果可以对设备进行优化设计。     

沟槽内壁结晶器坯壳初期凝固过程模拟研究

以锡液水冷铜板浸渍实验模拟钢连铸过程,研究结晶器内壁划分沟槽对坯壳初期凝固过程的影响.结果表明,沟槽内壁结晶器可改善铸坯传热效果和初期凝固坯壳不均匀程度,减少铸坯表面纵裂纹的产生     

沟槽内壁结晶器坯壳初期凝固过程模拟研究

以锡液水冷铜板浸渍实验模拟钢连铸过程 ,研究结晶器内壁划分沟槽对坯壳初期凝固过程的影响 .结果表明 ,沟槽内壁结晶器可改善铸坯传热效果和初期凝固坯壳不均匀程度 ,减少铸坯表面纵裂纹的产生     

钢成分对沟槽结晶器初生坯壳的影响

连铸坯表面质量与连铸初生坯壳传热状况密切相关。通过建立沟槽结晶器初生坯壳数学模型，计算不同钢成分对沟槽结晶器初生坯壳的传热影响。模拟结果表明，钢成分对沟槽结晶器初生坯壳传热状况有影响，凝固收缩率大，初生坯壳形成时间延迟，温度不均匀度和应力均增加；固液二相区宽，形成初生坯壳时间也延迟，但温度不均匀度和应力减少。形成初生坯壳时间06F最早、Q235次之、45#最晚；温度不均匀度Q235最大、06F次之、45#最小；应力Q235最大、06F次之、45#最小。     

基于反算热流的结晶器内流动--传热--凝固耦合模拟

基于Navier-Stokes动量方程和湍流低雷诺数k-ε方程,综合考虑能量守恒和钢液凝固与糊状区对流动过程的影响,建立了描述结晶器内钢液流动、传热及凝固过程的三维耦合数学模型。以实测温度和结晶器反问题模型计算出的热流为边界条件,模拟计算了结晶器内钢水的流动、传热和凝固行为。钢液流动决定结晶器内的温度和热流分布,铸坯凝固受钢液流动和结晶器热流双重因素的影响。建立的模型以及由此得到的铸坯凝固非均匀特征可为进一步考察浇铸过程中纵裂和其他表面缺陷提供借鉴和参考。     

FTSC薄板坯连铸结晶器内钢水凝固传热的数学模拟

建立FTSC薄板坯连铸结晶器内铸坯的凝固传热模型,对凝固传热方程进行了离散化,应用大型有限元软件ANSYS对钢水凝固传热过程进行模拟求解,描述了凝固坯壳的温度分布与坯壳生长历程.模拟结果与连铸实际过程基本一致为制定合理的工艺参数、提高铸坯质量、减少漏钢发生提供了理论依据.     

板坯连铸结晶器冷却水量控制分析

在建立板坯连铸凝固传热模型的基础上,通过模拟涟钢210转炉厂现行和拟调整的结晶器冷却制度,比较不同结晶器冷却水量对板坯质量影响.结果表明,涟钢210转炉厂结晶器弱冷却有下调空间,结晶器冷却水量为4000/380 L/min时,铸坯角部裂纹发生率最小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.