基于叶片应变测量的航空发动机风扇外物撞击监测识别

飞机在跑道上滑跑、起飞与着陆过程中的发动机外物撞击监测对其飞行安全保障至关重要.为监测识别发动机工作过程中的外物撞击事件,通过风扇叶片外物撞击模拟试验平台开展外物撞击模拟试验,采用应变测量的方法对叶片应力进行实时测量与分析,实现风扇外物撞击事件监测识别的目的.试验与分析结果表明:获取了数值模拟与应变测量的风扇转子叶片结...     

风扇叶片外物撞击瞬间转子振动响应分析

为研究风扇叶片外物撞击对转子振动的影响,参照某发动机设计搭建了风扇转子试验器,并结合有限元计算和锤击法试验获得了叶片的动静频,开展撞击位置、风扇转速等因素对转子振动特性影响试验。结果表明:风扇叶片遭遇外物撞击瞬间,转子振动频谱中叶片动频附近频率成分幅值变化明显;相比转子轴向位置振动,径向位置振动对外物撞击的响应很敏感且幅值变化明显;随着风扇转速升高,转子振动中叶片动频成分幅值会增大,而转子振动幅值并不一定会增大,振动幅值与撞击叶片编号、撞击位置等因素密切相关。     

风扇叶片外物撞击监测识别试验

为开展基于非接触叶尖振动测量的风扇叶片外物撞击监测识别技术研究,设计搭建了风扇叶片外物撞击监测识别试验平台,开展了不同弹体质量、发射速度、风扇转速等工况下的外物撞击试验.利用高速摄像机对外物撞击识别结果进行了检验,初步给出了外物撞击判定准则.分析了不同弹体质量、转速条件下系统识别准确率的差异,以及不同撞击因素与叶尖振动之间的定性规律.分析得出:外物撞击监测识别系统能够准确识别出撞击事件以及撞击叶片编号;风扇转速在1 800～4 000 r/min范围内,当弹体质量大于2.90 g时,系统的识别准确率达到了100％,这为后续建立外物撞击智能监测识别方法提供了重要的试验数据和依据.     

整体叶盘结构叶片弹性变形规律及其对风扇气动性能的影响

以某先进三级风扇为例,通过三维计算及试验数据分析,对比研究了整体叶盘结构及盘榫结构的不同弹性特征;分析了整体叶盘结构叶片弹性变形角变化量随叶高、相对换算转速变化的特点;阐述了弹性变形角对风扇气动性能的影响;探讨了整体叶盘结构风扇叶片的气动设计方法。试验及三维计算结果表明,整体叶盘结构的弹性变形量小于盘榫结构叶片,弹性变形角随叶高及转速呈非线性变化;应用整体叶盘结构叶片气动设计方法后,在设计转速工作点流量相对增加了1.92%,效率相对提升了0.1%,风扇性能得到明显改善。     

整体叶盘结构模态特性分析及应力分布规律

为了研究整体叶盘结构的模态特性及应力分布规律,基于有限元分析方法建立了整体叶盘结构有限元仿真模型,对自由状态及离心力载荷下的整体叶盘进行模态及振动特性分析;并探究实心与空心整体叶盘的应力分布差异及不同叶片间隙的整体叶盘应力分布规律。为了验证仿真结果的准确性,基于多点激励单点响应方法开展了整体叶盘结构模型的模态试验,并在多功能转子实验台上开展不同转速下应力测试试验。结果表明,该结构模态频率的仿真结果与试验测试结果误差在4%以内,验证了所建立的有限元仿真模型的正确性;应力测试试验验证了其不同转速下的应力分布规律;离心力载荷对整体叶盘二节径振动下固有频率影响最为显著;空心叶盘较实心叶盘应力集中现象更为突出,且叶片根部应力值会随着叶片间隙的增大而有明显提高。     

基于BP神经网络的平板叶片阻尼反演方法研究

航空发动机在工作中容易受到外物撞击,包括跑道砂石、鸟体、机身零件等,对风扇和压气机造成损伤,导致机毁人亡的严重事故,故需要模拟外物撞击转子叶片,建立动态响应数值分析模型。其中阻尼系数是叶片振动分析最重要的物理参数之一,但其无法直接测量,本研究采用BP神经网络反演的方法得到平板叶片阻尼比。先取二十组阻尼比的叶片撞击仿真模型中的振幅和衰减时间,通过训练BP神经网络理论得到振幅、衰减时间与阻尼比的映射关系,再将实验得到的真实振幅和衰减时间输入映射关系,反演出真实结构的阻尼比。最后将阻尼比代入另一组参数的叶片撞击仿真,与试验结果进行对比,两者一致性较高,表明反演得到的阻尼参数是合理可靠的。     

基于BP神经网络的平板叶片阻尼反演方法

航空发动机在工作中容易受到外物撞击,包括跑道砂石、鸟体、机身零件等,对风扇和压气机造成损伤,导致机毁人亡的严重事故;故需要模拟外物撞击转子叶片,建立动态响应数值分析模型;其中阻尼系数是叶片振动分析最重要的物理参数之一;但其无法直接测量。研究采用BP神经网络反演的方法得到平板叶片阻尼比。先取二十组阻尼比的叶片撞击仿真模型中的振幅和衰减时间,通过训练BP神经网络理论得到振幅、衰减时间与阻尼比的映射关系,再将实验得到的真实振幅和衰减时间输入映射关系,反演出真实结构的阻尼比。最后将阻尼比代入另一组参数的叶片撞击仿真,与试验结果进行对比,两者一致性较高,表明反演得到的阻尼参数是合理可靠的。     

一体化转子系统动力分析的预应力模态综合法

针对盘片轴一体化转子系统的大规模网格问题,提出用于该类结构动力分析的预应力模态综合法.对前两级整体叶盘进行静、动频分析,给出了影响一体化结构动力分析精度的模态截断数的选取原则,同时验证了本文方法的准确性.计算了盘片轴一体化转子系统的静、动频,给出了旋转作用对该系统模态的影响.比较整体叶盘与一体化转子的模态结果发现,引入转轴的作用使叶片振型对应的动频降低,且一体化转子振型中存在叶片、轮盘及转轴之间的耦合振型,这阐释了利用预应力模态综合法进行大规模网格盘片轴一体化结构动力分析的重要性.     

一体化转子系统动力分析的预应力模态综合法

针对盘片轴一体化转子系统的大规模网格问题,提出用于该类结构动力分析的预应力模态综合法.对前两级整体叶盘进行静、动频分析,给出了影响一体化结构动力分析精度的模态截断数的选取原则,同时验证了本文方法的准确性.计算了盘片轴一体化转子系统的静、动频,给出了旋转作用对该系统模态的影响.比较整体叶盘与一体化转子的模态结果发现,引入转轴的作用使叶片振型对应的动频降低,且一体化转子振型中存在叶片、轮盘及转轴之间的耦合振型,这阐释了利用预应力模态综合法进行大规模网格盘片轴一体化结构动力分析的重要性.     

一种整体式进气道一滑油箱结构分析

滑油箱的主要用途是储存滑油,起散热、分离滑油介质中的空气以及沉淀滑油介质中杂质的作用.将滑油箱系统、进气道系统和冷却系统设计成一个整体式结构,利用进气道高速气流带走滑油温度,解决了某机型发动机的供油、散热和润滑问题.这种整体式结构不仅可以满足发动机润滑及冷却要求,而且能够明显地减小滑油散热器体积和重量.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.