快速凝固工艺对AZ91HP镁合金腐蚀性能的影响

通过铜模铸造制备快速凝固的AZ91HP镁合金.利用失重法及动电位极化曲线研究了常规铸造AZ91HP和快速凝固AZ91HP镁合金样品在NaCl腐蚀介质中的耐腐蚀性能;通过金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）及X射线衍射（XRD）分析了腐蚀后合金微观组织及相结构.结果表明,快速凝固的AZ91HP镁合金具有更好的耐腐蚀性能.其主要原因是经快速凝固工艺后：①β-Mg17Al12相近似连续地分布于细小的α-Mg晶界上;②合金的元素分布更加均匀;③合金显微缩松减少.     

高压固溶处理对AZ91D铸造镁合金组织的影响

采用高压设备对AZ91D铸造镁合金进行高压固溶处理,研究高压固溶处理对AZ91D铸造镁合金组织的影响。研究结果表明,高压固溶处理可显著细化AZ91D铸造镁合金的晶粒,平均晶粒尺寸为58μm。同时,在晶粒内部,可见互相平行或交叉的孪晶,孪晶的厚度为1~5μm。高压固溶处理后的组织仍由α-Mg和β-Mg17Al12相组成,但是β-Mg17Al12相主要是以颗粒状分布于晶界。     

粉末冶金法制备AZ91镁合金的组织及热性能

采用粉末冶金方法制备了AZ91镁合金,研究了烧结温度对合金的致密度和热导率的影响规律,并对烧结样品的物相和显微组织进行了分析. 研究发现,AZ91镁合金的最佳烧结温度为610℃,致密度可以达到97.4%,实验条件下所获得的最高热导率可达到63.1W·m-1·K-1. X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜结果分析表明,烧结合金组织主要由α-Mg固溶体和β-Mg17Al12相两相组成,其中β-Mg17Al12相表现出离异共晶β相和非连续析出β相两种主要存在形态.     

高压处理对AZ91D镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

使用六面顶压机对AZ91D镁合金进行高压处理,研究了处理前后合金的压缩力学性能和组织结构变化,并观察了其压缩断口形貌。结果表明:5GPa高压处理可明显提高铸态AZ91D镁合金的力学性能。压缩强度最高可达287 MPa,压缩率最高可达21%,分别比高压处理前提高22.6%和43.8%。随处理温度的升高铸态AZ91D镁合金中的强化相Mg17Al12逐渐溶解到α-Mg基体中,但经200~800℃高压处理的合金一直保持较高的强度。     

准晶对AZ91微观组织及摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用普通铸造法制备含高体积分数准晶相的Mg-Zn-Y(MZY)准晶中间合金。经SEM,EDS、XRD检测和摩擦磨损试验,研究MZY准晶颗粒加入量对AZ91基体合金微观组织及耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:MZY准晶颗粒可以明显细化AZ91合金的铸态组织,且骨骼状连续网状分布的β-Mg17Al12相断裂为弥散的岛状,合金的铸态组织中除α-Mg相、β-Mg17Al12相外还出现弥散分布在晶界处的高温稳定的Mg3Zn6Y准晶相;在不同载荷条件下,添加质量分数为6%的MZY准晶合金试样的摩擦因数由0.68减小至0.26,在100 N载荷下干摩擦30 min,其质量磨损量仅为基体合金质量的46.2%,磨损机理由基体的黏着摩擦转变为磨粒摩擦。     

Mg-6Gd-(2-4)Y-1Zn变形镁合金的组织与性能

制备了3种不同成分的Mg-Gd-Y-Zn四元合金,并对其显微组织和力学性能进行了系统的研究.结果显示,Mg-6Gd-2Y-1Zn和Mg-6Gd-3Y-1Zn合金的铸态组织主要由α-Mg,(Mg,Zn)3Gd和18R-LPSO结构的Mg12Y1Zn1相组成.而Mg-6Gd-4Y-1Zn合金的铸态组织则主要由α-Mg,Mg24(YGdZn)5和Mg12Y1Zn1相组成.合金退火后,3种合金的退火组织均由α-Mg,Mg12Y1Zn1和14H-LPSO相组成.热挤压过程中Mg12Y1Zn1相被拉长,呈长条状沿挤压方向排列,而14H-LPSO相则分布于条状分布的Mg12Y1Zn1之间.挤压态合金经固溶和225℃时效(T6)处理后,显微组织中呈现14H-LPSO结构和β’沉淀相共存.对挤压后的合金直接进行时效处理(T5)过程中也发生了β’沉淀相,但14H-LPSO相体积分数少于T6态.3种合金中Mg-6Gd-4Y-1Zn合金在T6态的性能最好.     

电磁搅拌工艺参数对半固态AZ91D 镁合金组织的影响

研究了电磁搅拌工艺参数对半固态AZ91D合金组织的影响规律。结果表明：电磁搅拌条件下半固态AZ91D合金组织的固相颗粒为蔷薇状或粒状α—Mg，随电磁搅拌功率的增大，蔷薇状形态逐渐消失，固相颗粒形态趋于粒状和圆整；在实验范围内，随电磁搅拌电源频率的增大，半固态AZ91D合金组织中固相颗粒形态越来越圆整。这主要是由于电磁搅拌条件下半固态AZ91D合金组织的形成机理是以枝晶臂熔断为主，而在高频率下的电磁搅拌过程中，在搅拌室产生的集肤效应使得表面和中心出现宏观温度差，从而加强了固相颗粒随流场运动时的温度起伏，最终加速了枝晶的熔断。     

Ca,Si和RE对AZ91合金的组织和性能的影响

Ca,Si和RE合金化和复合合金化AZ91的研究结果表明：Ca单独加入合金中和Ca,Si或Ca,RE同时加入合金中都能明显改善AZ91合金的铸态组织，Si和RE在合金中以Mg2Si和Al11RE3颗粒相形式存在，而Ca则主要溶解于β-Mg17Al12中，未形成新相，DTA分析表明，Ca溶入Mg17Al12后提高了它的熔点，亦即提高了它的热稳定性，这一点对合金的高温性能十分有益，使合金的蠕变性能得到大幅提高，性能最好的是含0.3%（指质量分数，下同）的Ca和2％的RE的合金，它在200℃/50MPa下的蠕变速率相对于基体合金AZ91降低了一个数量级，单独加入Ca对铸态AZ91合金有脆化作用，但Ca,Si或Ca,RE复合加入则能大幅提高AZ91合金的室温和高温强度，同时保持了与AZ91基体合金相同的或更好的塑性。     

Ho对AZ91镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜观察、X射线衍射和拉伸试验等方法对稀土钬(Ho)改性Mg-9Al-1Zn (AZ91)镁合金的显微组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明:Ho能够充分细化AZ91镁合金中的α-Mg和β-Mg17Al12晶粒,抑制二次β-Mg17Al12的析出,使不完全离异共晶转化为离异共晶,并在合金中生成颗粒状Al2Ho金属间化合物.Ho通过细晶强化增加了合金强度,改善了塑性,使合金的断裂机制从脆性解理断裂转变为准解理断裂.     

铝锌比对Mg-Al-Zn合金时效析出的影响

探讨了不同铝锌比对Mg-Al-Zn合金时效析出组织和性能的影响。铝锌比从9：1减小为6：4和4：6后，合金的铸态组织得到细化，固溶后200℃和150℃时效，合金硬度峰值都降低，而且随着时效温度的降低，硬度峰值出现时问推迟，时效后合金抗拉强度和延伸率也有所下降。透射电镜观察发现，AZ64合金的γ-Mg17Al12析出相比AZ91中的细小，ATA6合金的析出相除了γ-Mg17Al12外，还有不少细小、与基体基面垂直的针状相MgZn′。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-