在历史的延续变迁中透视民族灵魂浮沉--析沈从文小说对人性的道德观照

人性是沈从文小说表现的中心,城与乡是他观照的两个对立的经验世界.讴歌古风犹存的乡村生命形式,勾勒沉沦堕落的都市面影,以及通过对乡村与都市,原始与现世直接交流的共时态考察,从历史的延续与时代的嬗变中,表现人性之“常““变“,是他小说人性观照的总体逻辑构架.而从乡村原始生命形式中寻找健康的基因,重铸民族灵魂,是其小说叙述的总旨归.     

沈从文小说艺术特征论

沈从文是中国现代著名作家。他的作品再现了我国二、三十年代形形色色的人生面影和生活方式，在创作方法、艺术风格及文体形式等诸方面，也都有着多样的特点，开拓了我国现代小说的创作领域。本文从心理透视、小说的意境、小说的语言、小说的文体等四个方面阐述了沈从文小说的艺术特征。在沈从文看来，美在生命，艺术创作是求得生命的永生。他的作品影响了当代文坛的一些作家，诸如张承志、水运宪、古华等。研究沈从文的作品和他的湘西世界，无疑是件有意义的事情。沈从文及其文学创作在世界文学史上应有一席之地。     

民族品格的重造与审美品格的追求——论沈从文的小说创作

1988年5月,我国现代杰出的文学家沈从文与世长眠了。他给我们留下了七十余本小说、散文集。这是一座巨大的丰碑,是一座独立的艺术殿堂,为一代又一代读者提供了多种阅读模式的可能。独特的艺术是永恒的。即便创造艺术的主人多有沉浮,也不能减弱它传世的生命力。沈从文的小说世界就有如此的精神气韵。他以自己的独特的眼光、情绪、方式审视、感受、描摹生于斯长于斯的故乡和都市。在沈从文艺术世界里,全都归宿表现为一种完整的“生命形态”的倾心建构;全部的美学理想的基石是对“人性”、人的价     

试论沈从文的都市小说

沈从文是中国现代文坛上风格较为独特的作家，他一生的小说创作，大致由两大部分构成：一是对人性美的赞颂和讴歌，这主要表现在他已获得世界声誉的“湘西世界”小说的创作上；二是对摧残、破坏人性美的种种社会阴暗面或罪恶势力的揭露和鞭挞，这主要体现在沈从文的都市小...     

"这个灰色正像一个人生命的形式"--"灰色"与沈从文的城市世界

乡村世界和城市世界是沈从文小说的两大题材,乡村世界是作家理想中的“希腊小庙”,而与之相对的城市世界,在作家笔下呈现的是一片“灰色”沙漠,是毫无生机和活力的丑恶的生命形式。但执著于生命意义探寻的作家,在感性表层的背后,有着更为理性的清醒的认知。因此,这就使得沈从文的小说呈现出极为深广的内涵。     

人格退行:沈从文乡土小说创作的心理根源

从弗洛伊德的人格理论来分析沈从文乡土小说的创作心理,是一种新的视角。沈从文在乡土小说中所建构的理想的生存图式,心理根源是其人格发展在童年时期出现的“停滞现象”,在都市遭受精神挫折后,出现了“退行”。这种“人格退行”决定了沈从文湘西乡土小说的创作基调和整体风格。     

沈从文小说中的梦

以宏观而论,“梦”似乎与文学创作结下了不解之缘。无论是在蛮荒的古代抑或科学昌明的现代,我们均可以在神话、传说、小说、诗歌以至戏剧里发现它的踪迹。美国学者约瑟夫·洛斯奈在《精神分析入门》中说:“自从这个世界开始有人类,他就有梦了。人们总是把他的梦放在一个特殊的地位上。”在我国现代文学小说创作大师中,就不乏把“梦放在一个特殊地位上”的作家,而其中最为引人注目的,就莫过于沈从文先生了。     

论沈从文湘西小说的生态意蕴

沈从文笔下的"湘西"有着双重的涵义,一种是现实中的湘西,而另一种是作为"想象性"的存在。在这个"想象"的湘西世界里,沈从文构建了一个和谐自然的理想社会和人生图式,试图对病态的都市文明及异化的人性进行"治疗";与此同时,沈从文的湘西小说也蕴含着一定的人文生态理念,带有一定的生态伦理启蒙色彩。     

试论沈从文小说中的心理描写

贯穿沈从文作品中的一个总的思想基调是对美好人生的追求和对人性复归的渴望,沈从文作品再现了我国二、三十年代形形色色的人生面影和生活方式,其创作方法、艺术风格及文体形式多姿多彩,开拓了我国现代小说的创作领域。本文意图从心理描写方面探讨沈从文小说的艺术特征。     

沈从文的"湘西世界"与《边城》

沈从文对中国现代文学最大的贡献 ,在于他从作品到理论构建的“湘西世界”。如诗如画 ,恬静淡远 ,风格独具的“湘西世界”是沈从文独特的功利原则和美学观的显现。作者生命赖以生成的那一方偏远的水土养成了其向美求善的生活理想 ,而都市文明的虚伪势利的现实又撞破了其梦幻。这是沈从文构筑其理想的“湘西世界”的根本动因。《边城》是沈从文湘西小说的代表作 ,是“湘西世界”优美、健康、自然的人生形式的深刻表现。《边城》是一首人性美的颂歌。作家所着力表现的是一种超越“自在”的“自为”性的生命形态。在“边城”里 ,人与自然谐和统一于生命完美的形态中。而翠翠、二佬、大佬对于自由爱情的幻想和追求 ,则体现了他们生命中的自由意志和纯粹神性 ,表明他们是新一代湘西古朴人性的继承者     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.