耕地总量动态平衡政策体系研究—以长江三角洲地区为例

人口多,耕地少,耕后备资源严重不足,是我国土地的基本国情,而工业化、城市化进程的加快,又在客观上造成了对土地的巨大需求,加上管理不严,致使土地被乱占滥用,耕地锐减的状况日趋严峻。经济发达地区工业化、城市化发展迅速,对耕地资源非农化占用需求大,经济发展与耕地保护的矛盾更为突出。据此,我国提出并实行了世界上最严格的土地管理制度,保护耕地,实现耕地总量动态平衡的战略目标。以长江三角洲地区为例,在分析我国耕地总量动态平衡政策体系及主要特征基础上,对现行社会经济环境条件下耕地总量动态平衡实施的难点,以及相应的改革措施进行了研究。     

如何编制土地开发整理项目预算

<正>我国是一个人口多、人均耕地少、耕地后备资源不足的发展中国家。根据全国土地利用现状调查统计结果,截止到 2000年10月31日,我国耕地面积为19．24亿亩,人均耕地面积仅1．51亩,不足世界人均耕地的二分之一。随着经济的发展,各项建设占用大量耕地,致使我国人地矛盾尖锐,危及农业和经济社会的可持续发展。因此,通过土地开发整理,增加土地供给,缓解经济发展中土地供求矛盾,实现耕地总量动态平衡,成为我们面临的重要任务。要实现耕地总量动态平衡,促进资源、环境、人口以及经济的协调发展,就必须进行土地开发整理。     

加强土地整理 促进耕地资源可持续利用

耕地，是我们生命的根基．是最宝贵的自然资源。进入新世纪我国耕地保护面临着十分严峻的形势。2008年，我国人均耕地仅为1．37亩，不足世界人均水平的40％。由于地理条件限制，我国2亿亩耕地后备资源可以开垦成耕地的只有约8000万亩。     

坚持科学发展观,努力建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会(下)

四、我国土地、水和森林资源状况 （一）我国土地资源现状 2003年，我国拥有耕地仅18多亿亩，人均耕地只有1．4亩，约为世界人均耕地4、05亿亩的三分之一。而美国的耕地总量为29亿亩，人均耕地为11．16亩。     

我国耕地保护面临的形势与对策

我国农业人口众多,但耕地面积且只有十八多亿亩,人均耕地面积少,耕地后备资源少。改革开放以来,我国工业化、城市化进程加快,土地需求急增,大量优质耕地被划为开发园区和建设预留地,又造成了耕地总体质量不断下降。为此,加强耕地保护方面的工作必须提上议事日程,这是落实科学发展观的必然要求,也是实现我国耕地资源可持续利用和保证粮食安全的途径。本文分析了我国耕地保护面临的严峻形势并提出了保护的对策。     

基于GIS的韶关市耕地后备资源数据库建设探讨

耕地后备资源数据库的建设有利于全面快速地掌握耕地后备资源的类型、数量、质量、分布、利用状况、权属等基本情况,为耕地后备资源的统计、分析、发布等提供快捷方便的计算机信息化平台,提高土地资源管理效率和水平。本文以韶关市为例,对耕地后备资源数据库的建设进行了探讨,以期为其他地区的国土资源信息化建设提供一些借鉴经验。     

建立耕地储备制全面落实项目用地“先补后占”

山东省东营市东营区，是黄河三角洲中心城市的中心区，我国第二大油田——胜利油田所在地。全区南北纵距26．5公里，东西横距67．5公里，总面积为1156平方公里，总人口56．8万人。全区土地资源呈“一少一多”两个明显特点：一是耕地总量少，质量差。全区耕地总面积29588．15公顷，占土地总面积的25．60％，人均耕地只有0．12公顷，而且中低产田面积占了耕地总量的55．5％，土地利用率比较低。二是耕地后备资源多，仅宜农土地面积就达15533．33公顷，土地开发整理的潜力很大。近几年来，我区坚持“在保护中开发，在开发中保护”的原则，大了实施耕地储备制度，建立耕地储备机制，切实做好了补充耕地项目得具体落实，确保了全区耕地总量动态平衡和非农业建设项目占用耕地的先补后占。不仅有效地解决了“三农”问题，促进了农村经济的发展，维护了农民利益。并且为今后城市非农业建设的用地奠定了基础。     

基于我国耕地保护体制的改革和法律制度完善的研究

随着我国人口基数的不断增加,人均耕地越来越少,使得耕地将承栽着的压力越来越大。根据我国的国情,耕地与我国粮食安全、农副产品数量以及农业的可持续发展与农村经济水平的提高息息相关。但是我国耕地存在着耕地资源不足、人均耕地面积小、水土流失严重、耕地生态环境恶化、耕地质量下降与耕地保护体制不完善等问题。为解决耕地的问题,需要对我国耕地保护体制的改革和法律制度完善进行研究,对耕地进行保护体制与法律制度进行改革,改善耕地的质量。     

康乐县不稳定耕地利用对策分析

通过对康乐县二次调查"不稳定耕地"评价,清晰了康乐县后备耕地资源的分布、数量、面积、质量等情况。从调查评价成果可见,康乐县各乡镇的后备耕地资源质量的级别存在差异,分布、面积也有很大差别。开发利用的关键就是因地制宜地开发利用,宜农则农,宜牧则牧,提高土地利用率,用可持续发展的观点,科学利用各种类型的后备耕地资源。     

科学合理的利用耕地资源势在必行

“国以民为本,民以食为天,食以土为源,”土地是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础.我国高度重视耕地资源保护,把“十分珍惜和合理利用每寸土地,切实保护耕地”作为一项基本国策.江泽民总书记曾经说过:“保护耕地就是保护我们的生命线”.只有切实保护耕地,才能确保农业的稳定增长,确保十几亿人的吃饭. 我国有耕地面积近20亿亩,从总量上看不愧为世界土地资源大国,但我国有12亿多人口,人均耕地面积远远低于世界平均水平.从这个意义上看,我国又是一个土地资源贫乏的国家.目前我们面临的形式是:一方面土地资源严重不足;另一方面人口却在逐年递增,人地的矛盾越来越突出,土地问题已成为制约我国经济发展的重要因素.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.