急倾斜煤层移动点两阶段地下气化模型试验

鉴于在急倾斜煤层中进行地下气化所存在的煤气热值不稳定问题,提出了移动点两阶段煤炭地下气化工艺,介绍了多功能工艺技术模型试验台结构,阐述了移动点两阶段地下气化方法,研究了两阶段时间之比、产出的煤气热值、组份和气化速度,并对试验结果进行了分析,模型试验结果表明,移动点两阶段煤炭地下气化方法,使产生高热值水煤气的时间较固定点供风（汽）模式提高0．67－1．5倍,从而在煤炭地下气化现场试验过程中,为生产和技术参数的设计,提供了重要的理论依据。     

缓倾斜煤层反向两阶段煤炭地下气化模型实验

为了提高煤炭地下气化产品煤气的热值，提出并研究了缓倾斜煤层反向2阶段煤炭地下气化方法。在物料平衡的基础上，建立了2阶段煤炭地下气化方法理想气化参数的计算模型。通过对模型试验结果的分析，指出了该气化方法温度场发展过程的一般规律和中热值地下水煤气的形成原因，从而得到了一些工艺控制参数。反向2阶段煤炭地下气化方法能够获得热值Q＝12.56MJ/m^3以上的地下水煤气，该煤气由水煤气和干馏气组成，与同向2阶段气化方法相比，进一步提高了气化过程的热效率。     

露天边坡煤炭地下气化工业性试验研究

针对“三下”煤层，难采煤层，复杂煤层以及露天边坡剩余的煤炭资源，井工开采不经济或难以开采，可利用煤炭地下气化将这些残余资源得以回收利用，试验利用矿井式煤炭地下气化方式，对阜新矿露天边坡进行了空气煤气、水煤气，富氧煤气的工业性试验研究，通过煤炭地下气化工业性试验，得出在露天边坡矿井式气化建炉方式，不同气化工艺的煤气组分，热值．露天边坡的高挥发性、复合薄煤层适合于用地下气化技术生产中、低热值煤气，气化剂不同，其热值不同，用途不同。     

煤炭地下气化过程的变化规律和提高煤气热值问题

为改进有井式煤炭地下气化技术，提高产气量和煤气热值，根据煤炭地下气化原理，通过现场试验研究了地下气化过程的各种变化规律。系统地分析了气化过程中物理化学特征和影响因素，揭示了在急倾斜中厚煤层条件下，气化炉温度场和浓度场的分布状态和发展趋势，以及煤气热值与气化通道长度的相关性。试验证明：延长气化通道长度，受干馏干燥带的影响，煤气热值不能提高，将会逐渐降低。     

华亭煤纯氧-水蒸汽地下气化模型试验研究

通过地下气化模型试验，获得了华亭煤纯氧-水蒸汽地下气化过程的一般规律．研究了汽氧比对煤气组成的影响、气化过程的稳定性以及试验条件下的煤层气化速率变化，进行了相同条件下的物料衡算．试验结果表明，纯氧煤炭地下气化，可以利用煤层合水或顶板淋水生产水煤气．华亭煤纯氧-水蒸汽地下气化可以获得合格的合成氨原料气，但需根据气化工作面的移动及煤气组成交化，采用移动点供风气化维持气化过程连续稳定进行．气化过程的物料衔算可以用来预测气化煤气的基本组成．汽氧比影响煤气组成变化，试验条件下适宜的汽氧比范围为1．5-2．煤层气化速率在供风点附近出现最大值，试验条件下的平均水平气化速率为4cm／h，平均横向气化速率为1．5cm／h．     

煤炭地下气化多阶段数学模型

在煤炭地下气化过程中,干燥、热解及气－煤反应是非常重要的产气过程,它决定着地下煤气的组成和气化工作面的效率。鉴于此,分析了煤的干燥和热解特征,研究了煤的干燥模型、热解动国学模型、气－煤焦反应动力学及多孔煤块中气体的扩散和流动规律,在此基础上,建立了煤炭地下气化干燥、热解及气－煤焦反应的多阶段数学模型,并对计算结果进行了分析与讨论,模拟结果表明,数值计算值与实测值较为吻合,证明了煤炭地下气化过程多阶段数学模型的建立、参数的选定及对定解条件分析与处理的正确性和合理性。     

煤焦气化反应对煤炭地下气化的影响性研究

在煤炭地下气化过程中,煤焦气化反应直接影响着地下煤气的组成和质量,通过对地下气化典型煤样大雁褐煤、协庄烟煤、昔阳无烟煤在热天平装置上进行不同热解终温、不同热解气氛的煤焦气化反应实验,利用热失重分析法研究了不同煤焦的气化反应特性。通过实验表明：不同煤质、不同煤焦制备温度、不同反应气氛对煤焦气化反应活性有着重要的影响。     

煤炭地下气化与制氢:技术集成与工艺耦合法

为了寻求清洁能源。充分利用煤炭资源，采用煤炭地下气化技术，通过应用膜分离法及PSA相结合方法来提高煤炭地下气化煤气中氢气质量分数。对于浓度低的，先用膜分离使其“提浓”，再进行PSA吸附，使其“提纯”。会得到高纯度氢气，同时其成本远远低于其他提氢方法。结果表明。煤炭地下气化方式制氢气是化石燃料制氢气的有效途径之一。     

煤无焦油气化的实验研究

根据上吸式和下吸式气化炉特性,设计开发了喉口型双氧化层煤无焦油气化炉,并在煤无焦油气化炉实验装置上进行了煤无焦油的气化实验研究,考察了气化炉操作参数对主要气化指标的影响.结果表明,喉口型双氧化层气化炉内气化状态良好,出炉煤气中焦油含量大大降低,煤气热值明显提高,煤气中焦油含量最低仅为10 mg/m3,煤气热值高达6 466.9 kJ/m3,完全满足各种燃烧器和加热工艺要求,实现了煤无焦油气化;操作参数对气化指标的影响本质上是通过改变气化温度来实现的,气化温度的提高促进了焦油的裂解反应,从而提高了气化煤气中CO和H2的含量,降低了煤气中CO2和焦油的含量,使煤气热值升高.     

煤炭地下气化三维非稳定对流扩散的数学模型

研究了煤炭地下气化气体对流扩散的基本特征,在模型试验的基础上,通过对气化发生炉体内煤层燃气化过程中流体浓度场分布和变化规律的分析,建立了三维非稳定对流产扩散模型,阐述了主要模型参数的选取方法,采用上游加权多单元均衡解法对数学模型进行了求解,并对模拟计算结果进行了分析和讨论,计算值和实测值基本相符合,证明了对气化炉内浓度场的数值模拟是可靠的,研究结果为进一步对煤炭地下气化过程进行了定量研究,奠定了必     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-