天津滨海新区塘沽2013年供暖期前后大气污染物特征分析

为了解天津滨海新区塘沽供暖期前后大气污染物浓度水平的变化特征,利用2013年10月1日~12月29日NO2、SO2、PM2.5、PM10的连续在线监测数据,以供暖前10月1日~11月14日及供暖期11月15日~12月29日2个时间段来分析各污染物的变化特征。结果表明,滨海新区塘沽供暖期比供暖前PM10、PM2.5、NO2及SO2的日均浓度分别上升了46.7%、8.9%、60.5%和117.9%;4种大气污染物的日均浓度最高值均出现在供暖期;供暖期PM10、PM2.5、NO2及SO2的日均超标平均倍数较供暖前均有所上升;供暖期PM10、NO2及SO2的超标率均比供暖前上升,而PM2.5的超标率则下降。     

2000-2004年山东中西部五城市大气污染变化特征

以2000-2004年山东省中西部五城市(济南、济宁、德州、淄博、泰安)的主要大气污染物SO2、NO2、PM10的浓度资料为依据,分析了2000-2004年五城市主要大气污染物的季节变化特征以及年际变化趋势.根据2004年五城市主要大气污染物SO2、NO2、PM10的日均浓度值,分析了2004年五城市的空气质量现状.结果显示:2004年五城市的空气质量,济南市最差,其次是淄博、德州、济宁,泰安市最好.大气污染物浓度呈明显的季节变化特征,冬季污染最严重,夏季空气质量最好;总体来说,2000-2004年大气污染物SO2、PM10浓度呈逐年下降趋势,NO2浓度没有明显的变化趋势,到2004年,PM10污染浓度依然较高,是最主要的大气污染物.同时分析了引起大气污染物浓度变化的原因,表明大气污染物浓度的变化是地形、污染源和气象条件等因素共同作用的结果.     

天津滨海新区塘沽2013年供暖期前后大气污染物特征分析

为了解天津滨海新区塘沽供暖期前后大气污染物浓度水平的变化特征,利用2013年10月1日~12月29日NO2、SO2、PM2.5、PM10的连续在线监测数据,以供暖前10月1日~11月14日及供暖期11月15日~12月29日2个时间段来分析各污染物的变化特征。结果表明,滨海新区塘沽供暖期比供暖前PM10、PM2.5、NO2及SO2的日均浓度分别上升了46.7%、8.9%、60.5%和117.9%;4种大气污染物的日均浓度最高值均出现在供暖期;供暖期PM10、PM2.5、NO2及SO2的日均超标平均倍数较供暖前均有所上升;供暖期PM10、NO2及SO2的超标率均比供暖前上升,而PM2.5的超标率则下降。     

河北省主要城市空气污染时空分布特征分析

文章以河北省邢台、保定、石家庄、邯郸、衡水、唐山、廊坊和沧州8个城市的空气质量为研究对象,以PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、CO、O3作为空气污染因子,分析河北省2014-2016年的空气污染时空分布特征。分析结果表明,8个城市2014-2016年AQI、PM10、PM2.5、SO2浓度呈下降趋势,整体空气质量好转,而沧州和衡水NO2年均浓度以及衡水和唐山O3年均值变化呈逐年上升趋势。8个城市颗粒物年均浓度均超标,超标倍数最高达2.3,除2014年沧州外,其余城市各年NO2年均值均超标。季节变化分析结果表明,除O3外,8个城市的其余空气污染因子和AQI季节变化趋势基本一致,夏、秋季的空气质量优于春、冬季,冬季最差,O3恰好相反。PM10、PM2.5、SO2、NO2、CO浓度高值主要分布在1月和12月,低值分布在6-9月。8个城市之间的空气污染比较显示,廊坊和沧州空气质量优良天数占比超过50%,空气质量较好,邢台、保定、唐山、石家庄空气质量较差,这与地理位置和产业布局有一定的关系。     

南通市大气污染物浓度变化特征及其与气象因素的关系

为了厘清南通市大气污染浓度的变化情况以及与气象因素之间存在的关系,分析南通市大气污染物潜在的输送来源。文章利用南通市2018年全年大气污染物资料和同期气象观测要素资料,对SO2、NO2、CO、O3、PM10、PM2.5污染物的时、日、月、季浓度变化规律及其与气象因素之间的关系进行分析,并结合南通市2次重污染天气过程,使用后向轨迹模式HYSPLIT4分析南通市大气污染物的主要来源。结果表明：SO2、NO2、CO、PM10和PM2.5浓度均呈现夏季最低,其次是秋季,冬、春季浓度最高,O3浓度呈现明显春、夏季高于秋、冬季。SO2、NO2、CO、O3年平均排放量均较低。一天当中不同时间段,气象因素影响情况不同导致污染物的浓度不同。O3浓度变化跟NO2浓度变化呈明显负相关性。O3污染最高的天气,一般是气压较低,能见度较好的晴朗天气。而研究发现,PM2.5在气温较低、湿度高、气压高、日降水量较小、能见度低且风速较小的气象条件下,污染浓度更容易升高。NO2在低温高湿,气压高且风速较小的气象条件下时跟容易堆积。NO2、CO、O3与6种常规气象要素均存在显著相关性。O3跟气象要素之间相关性关系正好与其他5种污染物相反(湿度除外)。通过两次重污染天气过程的后向轨迹分析,南通市大气污染物来源既有西北和偏北气流的长距离输送,也有偏西和偏南气流的区域性源。     

南宁市灰霾天气与空气污染物关系分析

根据2010年6月1日至2011年5月31日南宁市的环境监测数据和气象数据,分析南宁市灰霾天气特征,然后通过SPSS软件分析灰霾天气与能见度、颗粒物(PM2.5、PM10)浓度、气态污染物浓度和空气污染指数的关系,探讨南宁市灰霾天气与空气污染物的关系。结果发现,南宁市灰霾天气主要分布在秋、冬两季,PM2.5是直接造成南宁市灰霾天气的主要因子,PM10、SO2、NO2、CO和O3对灰霾天气的发生也有一定影响。PM2.5与PM10相关性最显著,与SO2、NO2相关性较显著,与CO相关性显著,与O3相关性不显著。     

郑州市城区环境空气污染特征分析

以2000-2002年郑州大气污染的主要监测指标为依据,分析了郑州市大气污染的现状、特征及原因。并根据近五年的监测数据对大气污染趋势进行分析,结论是市区首要污染物为PM10(TSP)。其季节变化规律为春>冬>秋>夏。主要污染物SO2、NO2、PM10年平均值,近五年间均有下降趋势。     

环境空气质量标准修订后城市空气质量变化趋势及污染特征分析 ——以济南市为例

2012年环境空气质量标准修订后,大气污染物监测指标与频次发生变化,在一定程度上影响了城市空气质量评价及污染特征判定。为进一步促进城市空气质量改善,为地方环境管理与决策提供科学支撑,通过运用统计分析、趋势检验及相关分析等方法研究了济南市执行新环境空气质量标准后,各时段城市空气质量及6项污染物浓度变化趋势,在此基础上识别了空气污染特征。结果表明：自2013年起,PM10、PM2.5浓度不断下降,SO2、CO持续达标,近3年间全市无污染天数占50%左右;从季节变化来看,冬季大气污染最为严重,夏秋两季空气环境质量较好;PM10、PM2.5与NO2长期处于超标水平,O3污染愈加严重。可见济南市环境空气质量虽日趋改善,但以PM10、PM2.5和O3污染为代表的复合型大气污染特征已经形成。     

一次冷空气前后广州大气污染研究

以冷空气过境前后的广州市污染物数据为基础,运用Shapiro-Wilk检验、Pearson积矩和Spearman秩等方法,探讨PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、O3、CO的污染特征及变化规律.结果表明,PM2.5、PM10高浓度出现在8—9时和17—18时,低浓度出现在12—13时和0—1时.PM2.5和PM10相关性显著,PM2.5/PM10=0.62⁰.83,冷空气对PM2.5和PM10都有较好的清除作用.SO2浓度在7—8时出现峰值,3时出现谷值,良好的气象条件对SO2有明显的清除作用.NO2、CO高浓度出现在9时和19时,低浓度出现在15时和3时.冷空气对NO2有一定的清除作用,对于CO浓度增大的异常情况,推断与广州以北地区燃烧生物质有关.O3浓度日变化呈现单峰特征,15时浓度最高,5时浓度最低,冷空气在夜间过境对O3浓度影响较小.O3与CO、NO2存在显著的负相关,在光化学反应时间段O3/CO=0.060.83,冷空气对PM2.5和PM10都有较好的清除作用.SO2浓度在7—8时出现峰值,3时出现谷值,良好的气象条件对SO2有明显的清除作用.NO2、CO高浓度出现在9时和19时,低浓度出现在15时和3时.冷空气对NO2有一定的清除作用,对于CO浓度增大的异常情况,推断与广州以北地区燃烧生物质有关.O3浓度日变化呈现单峰特征,15时浓度最高,5时浓度最低,冷空气在夜间过境对O3浓度影响较小.O3与CO、NO2存在显著的负相关,在光化学反应时间段O3/CO=0.06⁰.12,O3/NO2=10.12,O3/NO2=1².     

影响银川市城区环境空气质量因素分析

通过对2014年银川市环境空气质量自动监测站监测结果分析,根据频度、首要污染物分布、空气质量单项指数等判断,确定4项污染物PM10、PM2.5、SO2和NO2为研究目标,对他们浓度变化趋势分析得出:银川市环境空气质量综合指数1~6月呈下降趋势9~12月呈上升趋势,环境空气主要污染物浓度随季节变化特征明显,影响银川市环境空气质量的主要因素与自然条件、地理环境有很大关系。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.