涂层法制备超疏水表面及在油水分离中的应用

采用涂层法,以含硅聚四氟乙烯为成膜物质,以疏水纳米SiO2为填料,成功制备出含有微/纳米复合结构的超疏水表面.系统研究了疏水纳米SiO2和低表面能物质的含量与涂层表面水接触角的关系.采用接触角测量仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别对涂层的水接触角和表面形貌进行表征,根据国家标准分别对涂层厚度、硬度和结合力进行测试.在最佳制备条件下,该超疏水涂层水接触角153.5°,涂层厚度22μm,涂层硬度4H,结合力1级.该超疏水涂层具有自清洁及良好的油水分离性能.     

一步水热法构筑镁合金超疏水表面及其性能研究

利用一步水热法在镁合金表面构筑了超疏水表面.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、接触角测量仪对其表面形貌、组成和润湿行为进行了研究,采用电化学极化曲线测试对超疏水涂层的耐腐蚀性能进行了考察.结果表明,一步水热法构筑的镁合金超疏水涂层由微/纳米二级结构组成,最优条件下改性表面接触角和滚动角分别为163.3°和2.8°,具有良好的耐腐蚀性能、耐酸碱性能和稳定性.     

一步喷涂法制备低黏附的超疏水颗粒表面

采用硬脂酸和十八烷基三氯硅烷分别对商业来源的ZnO、TiO2和SiO2颗粒进行修饰得到相应的疏水颗粒.然后利用简单的一步喷涂法通过喷涂所制备的疏水颗粒的无水乙醇悬浮液制备自清洁型的超疏水颗粒表面.通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)证明低表面能物质成功地修饰在这些氧化物表面;用扫描电镜(SEM)观察超疏水表面形貌发现表面团聚现象比较严重;用DSA100型接触角测量仪测量所制备的超疏水颗粒表面对水滴的静态接触角高达160°,滚动角小于5°,说明该表面具有良好的超疏水性能.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备超疏水性OTS-SiO2复合薄膜

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为先驱体,采用酸/碱两步溶胶-凝胶法和自组装技术制备了具有超疏水性的薄膜.利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和接触角仪等测试方法对十八烷基三氯硅烷(OTS)修饰前后薄膜的结构、形貌、表面元素组成与润湿等性能进行了表征和分析.结果表明,制备的OTS-SiO2复合薄膜具有良好的超疏水性能,水滴在该薄膜上的最大静态接触角为156°,滚动角小于5°.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备超疏水性OTS-SiO2复合薄膜

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为先驱体,采用酸/碱两步溶胶-凝胶法和自组装技术制备了具有超疏水性的薄膜.利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和接触角仪等测试方法对十八烷基三氯硅烷(OTS)修饰前后薄膜的结构、形貌、表面元素组成与润湿等性能进行了表征和分析.结果表明,制备的OTS-SiO2复合薄膜具有良好的超疏水性能,水滴在该薄膜上的最大静态接触角为156°,滚动角小于5°.     

水下超疏油铜网的制备及其油水分离应用研究

以铜网为基底,采用一步氧化法成功制备了水下超疏油铜网,其对油的接触角可达160°,滚动角为4°.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、接触角测试仪等对制备出的铜网表面的形貌、化学组成与浸润性等进行了表征与分析,并探讨了超疏油铜网的疏油机制、疏油性影响因素及其在油水分离中的应用.结果表明:经氧化所构筑的无定向微纳米氢氧化铜针状结构增加了铜网表面的粗糙度,氧化液浓度及铜网孔径的大小对水下疏油效果影响显著,油水分离效率受到不同水环境及油水体积比的影响,分离效率可达94%.     

十二羟基硬脂酸的醇溶液浸泡金属片引发的超疏水性

通过十二羟基硬脂酸的醇溶液浸泡,在铁、锌、铜锌合金的表面进行氧化还原自组装反应,形成了微纳米结构的粗糙表面超疏水结构,静态水接触角超过160°,讨论了可能的生成机理.利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、接触角测量、红外光谱(IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行表征.结果表明,构筑的金属表面结构具有良好的超疏水性.     

SiO_2/含氟硅聚丙烯酸酯超疏水杂化涂层的制备及性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法,在含氟硅聚丙烯酸酯(FSiPA)乳液中以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体、甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTES)为改性剂合成疏水性二氧化硅(SiO_2)纳米粒子,将所制SiO_2/FSiPA杂化乳液喷涂在玻璃表面得到超疏水涂层.考察了FSiPA乳液用量和MTES/TEOS物质的量比(M/T)对涂层表面性能的影响,分析了M/T值对涂层微观形貌的影响;讨论了杂化涂层的形成机理,比较了具有相同倾角的超疏水涂层与普通疏水涂层表面的自清洁特性.结果表明,当FSiPA乳液用量为15%及M/T为5时,涂层表面具有很好的成膜性和自清洁特性,疏水性SiO_2纳米粒子能够在涂层表面建立起微纳米粗糙结构,涂层与水的静态接触角(WCA)为154.0°.     

锌基底上含金属锡的超疏水表面的制备

针对超疏水金属表面广阔的应用前景,采用氯化亚锡的丙酮溶液,十八硫醇的丙酮溶液为疏水剂在锌基底上构建了超疏水表面,通过X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)进行了结构表征和疏水性能测试.结果表明,超疏水表面具有微纳米阶层结构,静态接触角为158°,滚动角小于5°.     

光催化型超疏水材料SiO_2-TiO_2的制备和表征

以甲基三甲氧基硅烷为前驱体制备疏水型SiO_2凝胶颗粒,在其悬浮液中采用低温苯甲醇醇解法原位生长TiO_2,制备光催化型超疏水材料SiO_2-TiO_2.利用X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见光谱仪、透射电子显微镜、X射线能量色谱仪等手段,考察SiO_2-TiO_2的晶相组成、粒径、比表面积等微结构性能,并以油酸的光催化降解为模型评价样品的自清洁性能及可重复利用性能.结果表明,负载不同含量TiO_2的样品均为锐钛矿型结构,粒径分别为4.4和2.4nm,在紫外区具有很强的光吸收,比表面积分别达到299.3和417.0m2/g.经SiO_2-TiO_2整理的棉织物水滴接触角达160°以上.沾上油酸后,织物表面由超疏水状态转变成超亲水状态,其与水滴之间的接触角小于5°,但在紫外光的照射下该棉织物的水滴接触角能够恢复到160°左右,表明整理后的棉织物具有持久的自清洁性能和可重复利用性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-