一种基于sEMG信号多重分形的肌肉疲劳特征分析方法

针对由表面肌电信号(sEMG)非平稳、非线性、自相似性等复杂特性导致的肌肉疲劳估计不准的问题,提出一种基于sEMG信号多重分形降趋移动平均法(MFDMA)的肌肉疲劳特征分析方法。首先,利用MFDMA方法对采集的sEMG信号、洗牌信号和高斯白噪声信号进行非线性动力学分析;其次,利用MFDMA方法计算sEMG信号的多重分形谱宽度、Hurst指数变化差值、概率测度值和峰值奇异指数4种多重分形特征;最后,利用t-检验法分析肌肉疲劳与非疲劳状态下的多重分形特征的显著差异性。结果表明,MFDMA方法能够描述sEMG信号的多重分形行为,谱宽等多重分形特征在肌肉疲劳与非疲劳状态下具有显著性差异。所提方法能够可靠表征运动性肌肉疲劳,可为肌肉疲劳识别模型建构、康复医学研究提供特征参考。     

常规雷达飞机目标回波多重分形特性分析

常规雷达飞机目标回波的多重分形特性提供了对产生目标回波结构动力学特征的精细描述,为常规雷达飞机目标的分类和识别提供了新的途径.在介绍多重分形的研究方法以及常规雷达飞机目标回波数学模型的基础上,利用多重分形测度分析手段,详细分析常规雷达飞机目标回波的质量指数和多重分形奇异谱等多重分形特性曲线,并定义质量指数对称度Rτ、多重分形谱宽度Δσ和非对称指数Rσ等多重分形特征参数.实验结果表明:喷气式飞机、螺旋桨飞机和直升机这3类飞机目标的常规雷达回波数据具有显著不同的多重分形特征,所定义的3种多重分形特征参数可以作为常规雷达飞机目标分类和识别的有效特征.     

Determination of free energy of protein folding on liquid-solid interface

Based on the fact that the stoichiometric displacement model for retention of solute and the total adsorption free energy of solute on a solid surface can be divided into two components, net adsorption and net desorbed energies, a new principle and an equation for calculating the free energy of protein folding, △△GF, on the solid surface are proposed. With high-performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HPHIC), an experimental method for determining the △△GF is established. Lysozyme and α-amylase have been selected as examples to test the new method, and their △△GF on the HPHIC stationary phase surface are found to be much higher than that reported from a solution. In addition, the △△GF of the two proteins are found to increase with the concentration of denaturing agent employed. The average standard deviations, ±4.7% for lysozyme and ±3.0% for α-amylase, indicate that the new method has a satisfactory reproducibility and reliability.     

基于多重分形降趋算法与改进的K均值聚类滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承振动信号非线性、非平稳的特点,提出采用多重分形降趋算法计算多重分形谱参数作为特征参数,对比分析了多重分形降趋波动分析法及多重分形降趋移动平均法提取轴承故障特征的优劣性.并提出改进的K均值聚类分析对多重分形降趋算法提取的特征参数进行分类,从而实现轴承故障诊断的目的.运用滚动轴承公开数据对方法进行验证,提取时域特征与多重分形谱参数进行对比分析,并对两种多重分形降趋算法的效果进行对比分析,验证了多重分形降趋波动分析法与改进K均值聚类相结合对轴承故障诊断的有效性,为轴承故障诊断方法提供了一种新的尝试.      

睡眠脑电信号的多重分形去势波动分析

睡眠过程中的脑电信号时间序列具有复杂的波动性特点,为了研究不同睡眠时期脑电信号的分形特征,运用多重分形去势波动分析的方法对5例受试者的整夜睡眠脑电信号进行了分析．计算结果表明,睡眠脑电序列具有长程相关性,而且是多重分形过程．不同的睡眠时期广义赫斯特指数不同,随时间尺度的增加而增大,变化趋势一致．醒期的脑电信号广义赫斯特指数最大,REM期介于睡眠一期和二期之间,其他各期随睡眠的加深逐渐增大．为睡眠脑电信号动力学机理的进一步研究提供了坚实的实证基础．     

Multifractal mass exponent spectrum of complex physiological time series

Physiological signal belongs to the kind of nonstationary and time-variant ones. Thus, the nonlinear analysis methods may be better to disclose its characteristics and mechanisms. There have been plenty of evidences that physiological signal generated by complex self-regulated system may have a fractal structure. In this work, we introduce a new measure to characterize multifractality, the mass exponent spectrum curvature, which can disclose the complexity of fractal structure from total bending degree of the spectrum. This parameter represents the nonlinear superpositions of the discrepancies of fractal dimension from all adjacent points in the curve and therefore solves the problem of original parameters for not fully reflecting the information of entire subsets in the fractal structure. The evaluations of deterministic fractal system Cantor measure validate that it is completely effective in exploring the complexity of chaotic series, and is also not affected by nonstability of the signal as well as disturbances of the noises. We then apply it to the analysis of human heart rate variability (HRV) signals and sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The experimental results show that this method can be better to discriminate cohorts under different physiological and pathological conditions. Compared with the indicator of singularity spectrum width, there are some improvements both on the computing efficiency and accuracy. Such conclusion may provide some valuable information for clinical diagnoses.     

同步12导联ECG的多重分形分布

同步12导联ECG各个导联之间存在着多重分形奇异谱分布．人的ECG多重分形奇异谱面积12导均值由人体神经自律控制，反映的是人体的神经控制强弱，而不是心脏本身的病变程度；心脏本身的生理病理活动对ECG多重分形奇异谱面积12导均值起着一种调制作用．导联的多重分形奇异谱面积分布参量指标可以用来指征冠心病．     

基于多重分形的喜马拉雅山山脉特征研究

采用多重分形谱对喜马拉雅山山脉地貌特征进行分析,多重分形谱参数分层次地刻画了空间内部的精细结构,突出了异常局部变化特征,因此能够准确获取地貌特征信息;在此将美宇航局最近拍摄的一张被积雪覆盖的喜马拉雅山卫星照片图像进行处理,通过计算多重分形谱,提取了山脉分布的特征参数,在喜马拉雅山山脉具体分布以及探究地球面貌中产生积极意义。     

The composition and distribution of metal clusters in the MoFe protein from a nifZ deletion strain （DJ 194） of Azotobacter vinelandii

Through the anaerobic chromatography on the columns of DEAE 52, Q-Sepharose and Sephacryl S-200, a nitrogenase MoFe protein (△nifZ Av1) was obtained from a nifZ deleted mutant of Azotobacter vinelandii (stain DJ194).The results of Western blotting after anoxic native electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE showed that △nifZ Av1 was similar to wild type MoFe protein (OP Av1) at the electrophoretic mobility, molecular weight and subunit composition. Furthermore, △nifZ Avl was also similar to OP Av1 at the molybdenum content, EPR signal (g≈4.3, 3.65 and 2.01), and the molar extinction coefficient (△ε) of circular dichroism (CD)at 660 nm region. All of these indicated that, besides having the same α2β2 composition as OP Av1, the △nifZ Av1 also contained equal amount of reductive FeMoco in the spin state of S=3/2 to OP Av1. However, the iron content and substrate (C2H2, H^ and N2)-reduction activity of △nifZ Av1 were 74% and 46%-50% of those of OP Av1, respectively. Furthermore, the △ε at around 450 nm, which reflects P-cluster in Av1, was obviously lower than that of OP Av1. It suggested that the difference between △nifZ Avl and OP Av1 resulted from P-cluster rather than FeMoco, and from the half number of P-cluster in △nifZ Av1, but the composition or redoxstate of P-cluster in △nifZ Av1 were not changed. Thus it could propose that △nifZ Av1 is composed of two different αβsubunit pairs. One is a FeMoco-and P-cluster-containing pair, and the other is a P-cluster-deficient but FeMoco-containing pair. Since the deletion of nifZ gene leads to the deficiency of only one of two P-clusters in a α2β2 tetramer, the assembly of P-cluster may not simply depend on one gene product, and so a possible mechanism of NifZ is supposed here.     

睡眠脑电波的计算机分析

利用微型计算机对七名健康人和一名帕金森氏综合症病人的睡眠脑电图的能量一频率分布曲线进行分析,发现帕金森症患者的睡眠各期能量与正常组相比有较大的差异.由此,我们提出睡眠脑电波的能量和幅度大小有可能作为临床诊断的两项指标.     

睡眠脑电的非线性动力学方法

在8例健康成年人的睡眠脑电监测实验基础上,利用已有的专家人工分期结果,提取睡眠各阶段特征数据,应用近似熵、复杂度和功率谱熵三种方法进行分析,从客观量化的复杂性度量来刻划睡眠深度的变化情况,对每个睡眠分期选取5000点数据,数据窗取1000点,逐次延时一个采样间隔得到几个时间序列,分别求复杂度,最后取均值即得此分期复杂性测度值,结果表明三种方法均与专家人工分期结果相吻合,近似熵算法复杂不适合在线分析;复杂度算法较简单,但数据粗粒化处理容易丢失信息;功率谱熵算法简单、快速及有效,因而用统计分析方法分析,表明功率谱熵能较好地反映睡眠深度的变化情况。     

Crystal structures of catalytic and regulatory subunits of rat protein kinase CK2

Protein kinase CK2 consists of two catalytic subunits (CK2α) and two regulatory subunits (CK2β). Here, we report the crystal structures of rat CK2α mutant (rCK2α-△C, 1—335) and CK2β (rCK2β). The overall topology of rCK2α-△C and rCK2β are very similar to the human enzyme, although large structural differences could be observed in the N-terminal domain of rCK2α-△C. Our reported structure of rCK2α-△C is in the close conformation state while the counterpart hCK2α is in the open conformation state, indi- cating ...     

引入Huber损失函数的睡眠脑电数据增强模型研究

针对目前睡眠脑电数据的标记仍以专家评判为主,导致数据标记不足,以及影响睡眠状态自动评估的不同阶段睡眠脑电数据类不平衡等问题,提出了一种基于生成式对抗网络（generative adversarial network,GAN）的数据增强模型,用以扩充不同睡眠阶段的脑电数据．通过引入Huber函数来改进辅助分类器生成式对抗网络（auxiliary classifier GAN,ACGAN）模型的损失函数,解决数据模糊等品质问题．该模型无须对数据进行特征提取,其生成和判别网络都采用一维卷积神经网络(one-dimensional convolutional neural network,1D-CNN),并以一维噪声和类别向量为生成器输入信号．分别采用手写体数字图像数据集与睡眠脑电数据集评估该模型的性能．将改进前的模型与其他损失函数模型进行了对比试验,结果表明改进模型的数据增强效果与睡眠分期效果,从可视化评估到定量评估均优于其他模型．研究结果以期为深度学习引入睡眠脑电分析中提供一种行之有效的方法．      

Electroabsorption spectrum of substituted polyphenylacetylenes

Electroabsorption (EA) measurements on thin films of poly[ o (trimethylsilyl) phenylacetylene] and poly[ o (trimethylsilylmethyl) phenylacetylene] have been performed. The spectral change induced by an exernal electric field (EA spectra) has been observed, which shows the similar shape of the second derivative of the optical absorption spectra. The change in the absorption Δ α is obtained from the EA spectrum, and Δ n is calculated through Kramers_Krong transformation. The optical properties of substituted polyphenylacetylenes (PPAs) were discussed.     

Variation of soil Δδ13C values in Xifeng loess-paleosol sequence and its paleoenvironmental implication

The carbon isotopic compositions of soil organic matter （SOM） and total carbonate （TC） in Xifeng Ioess-paleosol sequence have been studied. The δ^13CsoM values vary from -23.8‰ to -20.2‰, which are higher in interglacial than in glacial stages. Contrary to δ^13Csoi values, the δ^13CTc values vary from -8.5‰ to -3.6‰ and are lower in interglacial than in glacial stages. The differences （△δ^13C） between the δ^13CsoM and δ^13CTc values vary from 14.1‰ to 19.4‰. Our results from the Xifeng loesspaleosol sequence indicate that the △δ^13C values represent the ratio of primary carbonate （PC） to secondary carbonate （SC）. The △δ^13C values were high in the loess stages, and the maximal PC-to-SC ratio can reach 6：4. But in the paleosol stages, the △δ^13C values were low, with a small proportion of PC. The △δ^13C values in Ioess-paleosol sequence also indicate the contributions of the dust to the loess sediment in the Chinese Loess Plateau because the dust contains the PC.     

Removing the impact of wind direction on remote sensing of sea surface salinity

Sea surface salinity (SSS) plays an important role in the sub-polar area, where intrusions with low salinity influence the deep thermohaline circulation and the meridional heal transport. SSS fields and their seasonal and inter-annual variability are thus…     

SAR图像小波域消噪方法

目的 介绍小波域SAR图像消噪算法，并且提出一个小波域内利用多重分形参数修正的雷达图像消噪算法。方法 在系统分析SAR图像与小波之间联系的基础上，通过实验表明SAR图像中原始信号与噪声的多重分形参数不同，采用小波域内对多重分形谱相关的Hoelder指数修正方法进行SAR图像消噪。结果 该算法可以在保留信号边缘、纹理等奇异性情况下，消除斑点噪声。结论 小波进行SAR图像消噪具有独特的优势，随着如分形理论的各种非线性理论的引入，对于具有非线性特征的SAR图像斑点消噪研究将取得更好的效果。     

JAK3 mediatesc-myc gene expression induced by interleukin-2

C myc gene expression can be rapidly induced by IL 2 through intracellular signal transduction which is triggered by the interaction between IL 2 and its receptor (IL 2R). JAK3 which associates to the intracellular domain of IL_2R γ may play a critical role in this process. To reveal the action of JAK3 in c myc induction, a chimeric receptor gene IL_2R α/γ/Δ NJAK3 is constructed which consists of extracellular domain derived from IL 2R α subunit (IL_2R α), the transmembrane sequence derived from IL_2R γ and the cytoplasmic domain derived from the catalytic domain of JAK3 (Δ NJAK3), and then transfected this chimeric gene into mouse fibroblast cell line L929 β which had been transfected with IL_2R β gene and stably expressed IL_2R β in high level. In the transfectants coexpressing IL_2R β and α/γ/Δ NJAK3, the stimulation of IL_2 could intensively induce c myc gene expression. Because the whole cytoplasmic domain of IL_2R γ which could recruit signaling molecules was replaced by JAK3 and the c myc could be still induced by IL_2 in this situation, the results here gave the direct evidence demonstrating that JAK3 plays an important role in c myc gene expression induced by IL_2.     

The comparative investigation on redox property and second-order nonlinear response of Keggin-type α-[PM12O39NPh]3− (M = W and Mo) and Mo6NPh

Keggin-type phenylimido-polyoxometalates α-[PM₁₂O₃₉NPh]³⁻ (M = W and Mo) have been systematically investigated on the electronic structures, redox as well as nonlinear optical (NLO) properties by density functional theory (DFT). The strong M≡N bond confirmed by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis comprises one s bond and two π bonds, the same as Mo≡N in [Mo₆O₁₈NPh]²⁻. Furthermore, phenylimido segment effectively modifies the electronic properties of α-[PM₁₂O₃₉NPh]³⁻. On one hand, when enlarging the inorganic cluster from {Mo₆O₁₈} to {PMo₁₂O₃₉}, the energy gap between HOMO and LUMO in α-[PMo₁₂O₃₉NPh]³⁻ decreased, resulting in enormously anodic shift for the reduction potential, while the excitation energy is less and the total second-order polarizability β ₀ is up to 438-3×10⁻³⁰ esu, which is nearly 10 times larger than that of [Mo₆O₁₈NPh]²⁻. On the other hand, when metal W in α-[PM₁₂O₃₉NPh]³⁻ is substituted by Mo, the interaction between Mo and N is enhanced and the redox ability becomes stronger. The β ₀ value for α-[PMo₁₂O₃₉NPh]³⁻ is more than 5 times higher than that of α-[PW₁₂O₃₉NPh]³⁻. It indicates that changing appropriate metal or enlarging the inorganic cluster will improve the redox properties and second-order nonlinear response. Moreover, the electron transition for three compounds mentioned above occurred mainly from organoimido segment (as the electron donor) to polyanion cluster (as the acceptor). As a result, α-[PMo₁₂O₃₉NPh]³⁻ may be a promising candidate for oxidant and nonlinear optical material. Electronic Supplementary Material  Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20573016), Training Fund of NENU’s Scientific Innovation Project (Grant No. NENUSTC07017), Science Foundation for Young Teachers of Northeast Normal University (Grant No. 20070304) and Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT)     

利用双谱分析的癫痫脑电特征研究

根据癫痫患者脑电信号具有非高斯、非线性随机特性,应用高阶累积量技术对癫痫患者的脑电信号进行双谱估计,研究了在不同发病阶段的脑电信号的高斯偏离程度,以获取更加敏感和准确的临床监护和发病预报参量.用参数模型法进行双谱估计,并根据奇异值分解最小二乘法求解模型参数,从而获得高分辨率的双谱估计值和有效的脑电相位信息.用功率谱对高阶谱进行规范,规范化结果可作为相关系数,通过估计双相关系数找出它与癫痫发作的关系.实验结果表明,患者在癫痫发作前、开始发作和发作期,双谱的等高线图具有明显的尖峰,在癫痫发作时的脑电双相关系数值要比癫痫发作前和发作后的系数值高得多,使得脑电波的非高斯性和非线性增强.双谱分析为癫痫脑电信号的研究提供了一些新的思路,双相关系数有望成为临床监护、预报癜痫发作的一个指标.