基于相关Toeplitz预处理的二维测向方法

针对经典多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法对相干信号的测向性能急剧下降的问题,提出基于相关Toeplitz预处理的二维测向方法。首先,利用阵元接收数据之间的相关性信息构造一个Toeplitz矩阵,使该矩阵中包含各个信号源的角度信息,且矩阵的秩与信号源的相关性无关,实现解相干。其次,利用降维的思想,将对正交阵列的二维测向转换为三个并行的一维测向。最后,通过对相关Toeplitz预处理构造Toeplitz矩阵,对其特征分解,得到噪声子空间,利用MUSIC算法子空间正交原理,实现对相干信号的二维测向。计算机仿真实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

直接数据特征值分解的相干源DOA估计

提出一种基于均匀圆阵单次快拍数据的相干信源波达方向(direction of arrival,DOA)估计方法——直接数据特征值分解(direct data eigenvalue decomposition,DD-EVD)法. 算法通过模式空间转换将均匀圆阵虚拟为均匀线阵,再直接利用波束空间的快拍数据,构造一个Toeplitz矩阵,并对矩阵按阵列流形分解. 理论推导证明,矩阵的秩得到恢复,只与入射信号个数有关. 对该矩阵进行特征值分解可得到正确的信号子空间和噪声子空间,进而完成相干信源DOA估计. 算法使用单次快拍数据构造矩阵,适合非平稳信号参数的估计,同时不需要快拍累计和相关运算,降低了计算复杂度. 仿真结果验证了算法的有效性.      

一种有色噪声背景下混合信号的波达方向估计算法

提出一种有色噪声背景下,不相关信号和相干信号构成的混合信号的测向算法。在本文算法中,不相关信号和相干信号采用并行处理方式,缩短运算时间。首先,通过对划分的阵列输出矢量子阵构造2组自相关矩阵和互相关矩阵,利用它们构造新的矩阵并进行特征值分解,估计出不相关信号的来波方向;然后利用Toeplitz矩阵的特性,采用空间差分法去除混合信号中的不相关信号和有色噪声;再采用本文提出的改进的矩阵分解法解相干,最后应用ROOT-MUSIC算法对重构矩阵进行波达方向估计。本文所提算法在进行混合信号的波达方向估计问题时充分利用接收信号2组自相关矩阵和互相关矩阵,同时不需要进行谱峰搜索,计算量较小。理论分析和实验仿真结果验证本文算法的有效性和良好的测向性能。     

一种新的实值信号共轭MUSIC算法

利用实值信号特性提高波达方向(direction of arrival,DOA)估计性能,提出一种新的共轭多重信号分类(conjugate multiple signal classification,CMUSIC)算法.先拼接阵列上的接收数据矩阵和其共轭矩阵,再利用新矩阵中数据间的均匀延迟关系进行矩阵重构,对其奇异值分解获得信号子空间,CMUSIC可充分利用信号的实值特点,对多于阵元数的信号进行测向,不仅可以处理非相干信号,还可以处理相干信号,获得的测向精度优于多重信号分类(multiple signal classification,MUSIC)算法和空间平滑算法.仿真实验结果证实了CMUSIC算法的有效性.     

一种新的实值信号共轭MUSIC算法

利用实值信号特性提高波达方向(direction of arrival,DOA)估计性能,提出一种新的共轭多重信号分类(conjugate multiple signal classification,CMUSIC)算法。先拼接阵列上的接收数据矩阵和其共轭矩阵,再利用新矩阵中数据间的均匀延迟关系进行矩阵重构,对其奇异值分解获得信号子空间。CMUSIC可充分利用信号的实值特点,对多于阵元数的信号进行测向,不仅可以处理非相干信号,还可以处理相干信号,获得的测向精度优于多重信号分类(multiple signal classification,MUSIC)算法和空间平滑算法。仿真实验结果证实了CMUSIC算法的有效性。     

基于空间差分算法的相干信号二维DOA估计

针对传统解相干算法对阵列孔径利用率不高的问题,提出了一种改进的空间差分算法,通过重构子阵之间的协方差矩阵,将阵列接收信号协方差矩阵的所有自相干信息和互相关信息充分利用,再通过建立差分矩阵,利用空间差分算法去除噪声的影响。最后采用传播算子（PM）算法完成二维波达方向（DOA）估计。仿真结果表明,该算法相比传统解相干算法,解相干效果较好,角度估计精度有较大的提高。     

基于协方差矩阵重构的DOA估计方法

针对空间信号的波达方向估计,提出了协方差矩阵重构测向算法。由数据协方差矩阵的特征分解求得信号特征值及其对应的信号特征向量,根据各个信号特征向量构造相应的子协方差矩阵,算法定义一个新协方差矩阵。从理论上证明了新协方差矩阵在信号相干时仍然满秩,新算法在解除信号相干性的同时没有造成阵列孔径的损失。与空间平滑类算法相比,估计同样相干信号数,新算法能节省更多阵元。仿真实验证实了新算法优越的分辨能力和估计性能。     

基于四阶累积量的非相干分布式信源测向算法

针对非相干分布式信源的不相关散射分量会造成信号空间的扩展从而使阵列最大可估计信源数下降的问题,利用四阶累积量的阵列扩展特性,本文提出了一种基于四阶累积量的非相干分布式信源测向算法。该算法首先利用泰勒级数展开对接收信号的四阶累积量矩阵进行化简;之后根据化简后的矩阵重新划分噪声空间,并利用其和新的阵列流形构造谱峰搜索函数;最后给出算法的自由度及复杂度分析。仿真结果表明,该算法可以有效地提升阵列的最大可识别信源数,同时在低阵元数低信噪比情况下估计误差较小。     

强干扰背景下基于局部空间差分算法的相干目标DOA估计

针对传统算法对强干扰背景下相干目标的波达方向(direction of arrival, DOA)估计效率低、精度不高等问题,在构造干扰阻塞矩阵消除特定方向强干扰的基础上,基于局部空间差分算法进行相干目标的DOA估计。首先通过接收信号矩阵的角度信息构造阻塞矩阵来剔除协方差矩阵的强干扰信息,然后利用局部空间差分算法将协方差矩阵划分为若干子阵,从而充分提取有效信息并实现解相干,最后利用线性算子算法完成对目标的DOA估计,避免高复杂度的谱峰搜索。结果表明：该算法有效提高了数据利用率,有较好的解相干效果,能够在不同的信噪比和快拍数条件下获得比传统算法更低的估计偏差和更高的成功概率。     

基于内插阵列变换的相干源测向方法研究

利用内插阵列变换和前/后向空间平滑技术在阵列信号处理中的优点,提出了一种对相干信源进行超分辨测向的有效方法.该方法首先在不同的内插区间将均匀圆阵虚拟成等距均匀线阵,使其阵列流型具有Vandermonde矩阵形式,然后使用基于前/后向空间平滑技术的MUSIC算法对相干信号的波达方向进行有效地估计.该方法的主要优点在于,当相干信源数多于阵元数时仍可有效地估计出相干信源的二维波达方向,并且可实现全方位、无模糊的角度估计.计算机仿真证明了其有效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.