日照市近岸海域冬夏季游泳动物群落结构研究

为探明日照市近岸海域冬夏季游泳动物种类组成、优势种、资源密度和物种多样性及其变化趋势,于2016年2月（冬季）和8月（夏季）对该海域进行2个航次的调查。调查共捕获游泳动物71种,其中鱼类44种,甲壳类22种,头足类5种。冬季优势种为玉筋鱼（Ammodytes personatus）和疣背深额虾（Latreutes planirostris）,夏季为日本枪乌贼（Loliolusia pouica）、矛尾虾虎鱼（Chaeturichthys stigmatias）、口虾蛄（Oratosquilla oratoria）、绿鳍鱼（Chelidonichthys spinosus）。冬夏两季调查游泳动物平均尾数资源密度分别为106.86×10³,59.41×10³ ind./km²;平均质量资源密度分别为191.22,251.35 kg/km²;平均Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数（H''）分别为1.535,1.896;平均Pielou均匀度指数（J）分别为0.540,0.693;平均Margalef物种丰富度指数分别为2.505,2.495。研究表明该海域游泳动物以小型鱼类、甲壳类和头足类为主。与2006年山东半岛南部近岸海域调查结果相比,甲壳类物种有增加的趋势。     

启东长江口围填海工程对大型底栖动物的影响

为研究启东长江口围填海工程对大型底栖动物的影响,于2019年春季和夏季对围填海工程外侧水域大型底栖动物进行调查,分析群落结构特征、多样性指数及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明：2019年共采集大型底栖动物40种,其中围填海建造的围堤近侧和离岸20 km以外辐射的外侧海域分别采集到大型底栖动物19种和29种;近侧海域和远侧海域的优势种分别为7种和10种,春、夏季共有优势种分别为伶鼬榧螺Oliva mustelina和异足索沙蚕Lumbrineris heteropoda,优势类群为软体动物和环节动物,并且出现小型化、单一化趋势;近侧海域和远侧海域平均生物密度分别为15.36,19.64 ind./m²,平均生物量分别为1.28,3.80 g/m²;2019年近侧海域生物多样性指数较2011年有所下降,低于远侧海域;冗余分析（Redundancy Analysis,RDA）表明,盐度、水深是影响大型底栖动物的主要环境因子。围填海改变了海域的盐度、水深、沉积物等生境,加之围垦后人为频繁的扰动及陆源输入等综合因子的影响,导致大型底栖动物群落结构和多样性指数均发生变动。     

广西珍珠湾日本鳗草叶片附着卵块的分布特征

海草床由大面积的连片海草植物构成,是许多海洋水生动物的育幼所或产卵所。研究海草植物附着卵块的分布规律,对于揭示海草床的产卵场功能有重要意义。本研究以广西珍珠湾潮间带海草日本鳗草（Zostera japonica）为研究对象,分别于2019年12月（冬季）、2020年5月（春季）和2020年7月（夏季）对叶片开展粘性卵块种类和密度的调查,探讨其季节变化规律及其与海草群落结构的关系。结果显示,调查期间日本鳗草叶片仅有秀丽织纹螺（Nassarius festivus）和奥莱彩螺（Clithon oualaniensis）两种附着卵块,前者在冬季、春季和夏季的卵块密度分别为1 026,191,191 ind./m²,而后者对应的卵块密度分别为0,209,268 ind./m²。同时,日本鳗草叶片下部的附着卵块密度显著高于上部的附着卵块密度。主成分回归分析显示,单株叶面积、地上生物量（干重）以及平均叶长等海草群落结构指标与秀丽织纹螺卵块密度呈显著相关关系,但其与奥莱彩螺卵块密度无显著相关关系。本研究结果表明,日本鳗草叶片附着卵块密度在季节和附着部位上有显著性差异,而且海草床群落结构影响了叶片附着卵的分布。     

广西北部湾近岸海域近20年赤潮灾害特征分析

本研究对广西北部湾近岸海域2002-2021年发生的20次赤潮灾害进行综合分析,结果表明：近20年广西近岸海域赤潮平均每年发生1次,发生面积约为384 km²,持续时间为3.65 d,主要集中在春夏季,近10年（2012-2021年）相对前10年（2002-2011年）赤潮发生面积增加（18倍）。引发赤潮的生物种类共有10种,其中次数最多的是球形棕囊藻（Phaeocystis globosa）,其次是夜光藻（Noctiluca scintillans）、水华微囊藻（Microcystis flos-aquae）和红海束毛藻（Trichodesmium erythraeum）,但近10年不断有新的赤潮藻种出现。赤潮发生总数中,有毒或有害赤潮11次,分别为球形棕囊藻4次,夜光藻和水华微囊藻各3次,链状裸甲藻（Gymnodinium catenatum）1次。广西近岸海域赤潮发生的分布范围广,2008年以前主要发生在北海市涠洲岛海域,2008年以后钦州市三娘湾和三墩岛海域、北海市廉州湾及防城港市防城湾陆续开始发生赤潮。通过综合分析近20年北部湾近岸海域赤潮发生和分布的基本特征,为北部湾赤潮预警预报及治理工作提供科学依据。     

广西珍稀濒危真红树植物小花老鼠簕分布及种群特征

为了填补珍稀濒危真红树植物小花老鼠簕（Acanthus ebracteatus）在广西分布特征的研究空缺,了解其分布、种群大小及群落特征,本文采用野外勘察与样方调查相结合的方法,对广西境内小花老鼠簕可能的分布区域进行全面调查。结果表明：在广西小花老鼠簕仅分布于防城港市江山半岛西南侧和黄竹江中游潮滩,总面积766 m²（分别为686 m²和80 m²）,共1 831株（分别为1 796株和35株）;小花老鼠簕分布在高潮线附近有海漆（Excoecaria agallocha）等相对高大的乔灌木遮挡区域,群落结构分层明显,均呈集群分布;江山半岛小花老鼠簕种群生长相对稳定。广西小花老鼠簕种群分布范围极小,生境狭窄,容易遭到人为干扰,处境严峻,亟需对其进行抢救性保护和物种恢复。     

盐城自然保护区盐沼植被分布动态监测及驱动力分析

为探究江苏盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区盐沼植被时空演变规律,采用物候特征合成方法反演了1984—2021年保护区核心区4种盐沼植被(互花米草、芦苇、碱蓬和茅草)面积,分析其时空演变规律和驱动机制。结果表明:核心区盐沼植被总面积从11 113.2.hm²增长至16 528.14.hm²,年均复合增长率为1.11％,主要得益于互花米草的保滩促淤能力;互花米草和芦苇通过占领大量碱蓬滩、茅草滩和光滩,面积分别增加了4 968.62.hm²和8 806.95.hm²,年均复合增长率分别为26.67%和6.88%;受生态位竞争等自然因素和水产养殖基地等人工干扰的叠加影响,碱蓬和茅草面积分别减少了3 494.25.hm²和4 867.38.hm²,年均复合增长率分别为-3.14％和 -8.11%,适宜生境破碎化严重。     

广西海岸带互花米草入侵时空动态遥感监测研究

为全面了解和分析外来入侵物种互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)在广西海岸带的时空分布特征与扩散趋势,应用遥感与GIS技术手段,基于多源多时序高分辨率遥感影像对广西海岸带互花米草进行时空动态监测,并结合历史调查资料进行分析。结果表明：2001、2008、2010、2013、2016、2019年广西海岸带互花米草面积分别为46.90、204.05、331.23、608.75、776.99、1 320.79 hm²;2001-2019年,互花米草面积增加了1 273.89 hm²,年均增长率为20.38%。2019年,北海市海岸带互花米草总面积为1 317.06 hm²,占广西互花米草总面积的99.72%;钦州市互花米草面积为3.68 hm²;互花米草已入侵防城港市,面积约为0.05 hm²。丹兜海、铁山港湾、廉州湾及北海银滩至营盘镇近岸滩涂是互花米草集中扩张区,且仍处于快速增长阶段;防城港市企沙半岛东侧近岸滩涂及北海市涠洲岛均已出现互花米草零星斑块;广西山口红树林生态国家级自然保护区内互花米草扩散有所减缓,而广西合浦儒艮国家级自然保护区内仍处于增长阶段。广西海岸带互花米草入侵仍处于快速扩张状态,且呈由东往西扩散的趋势。本研究可为广西海岸带互花米草治理提供基础数据和理论指导,对湿地保护、管理和可持续发展具有重要意义。     

遥感技术在受损红树林资源调查与监测中的应用

红树林目前还受到不可持续利用方式的严重威胁。为快速掌握广西北海市合浦县铁山港白沙镇榄根村近岸海域监测范围内红树林受损及其周边景观演变情况,采用无人机（UAV）技术和多时期高分辨率卫星影像,结合野外地面群落调查,利用目视解译方法,对榄根村近岸海域红树林及周边景观进行遥感监测与分析。结果显示,该区域红树林2017年12月、2018年10月、2019年6月、2020年4月受损面积分别为0.55,4.77,9.42,17.18 hm²,4年间红树林受损面积增长约30.23倍。将2020年4月红树林受损区按照受损程度不同分为死亡区和严重受损区,面积分别为7.81,9.37 hm²,斑块数分别为35,106个。研究期内榄根村红树林受损面积呈迅速增加趋势,主要位于潮沟两侧;死亡及严重退化区红树林群落形态上呈灰白色不规则斑块状;红树林受损斑块呈“多点开花”特点,有从斑块林缘向内部蔓延的趋势。遥感技术可有效提高红树林生态监测的工作效率和准确性,应用前景广阔。     

广西廉州湾红树林群落分布特征及物种多样性分析

为全面了解广西廉州湾红树林群落本底数据,预测其发展方向,本研究以广西廉州湾红树林群落为研究对象,在东江口、木案、针鱼墩、垌尾设置4条典型断面共计36个样方,调查红树林群落的类型、树高、覆盖度、冠幅、基径等,并计算物种重要值、多样性指数等指标,分析种群动态及分布格局。结果表明,广西廉州湾红树林树种以演替前中期树种为主,群落结构简单;物种重要值的排序为桐花树（Aegiceras corniculatum）>秋茄（Kandelia obovata）>白骨壤（Avicennia marina）>老鼠簕（Acanthus ilicifolius）,大多种群主要呈集群分布;更新层以桐花树和秋茄幼苗为主,与该地现有成年红树植物物种重要值排序一致。广西廉州湾红树林群落是由陆向海逐渐发育的,未来该地红树林群落物种组成发生变化的可能性不大。如果人为干扰得以控制,红树林面积有望继续增加。     

桂西北光皮桦和马尾松人工幼林生长量的比较研究

为了进一步弄清桂西北种植光皮桦(Betula luminfera)的生长量,于1997年4月在广西林朵林场营造光皮桦人工纯林,与马尾松纯林进行对比研究,结果表明:3.5年生光皮桦林分的平均树高、平均胸径和平均蓄积量分别为7.42 m、7.50 cm和30.06 m³·hm^-2,分别比同龄马尾松林分的平均高(4.58m)、平均胸径(4.96cm)、平均蓄积(18.193m³/hm²)提高62.0%、51.2%和65.3%。说明该区营造光皮桦人工幼林的生长量较大,建议在相似立地条件下局部推广营造光皮桦人工林。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-