凤尾蕨体外抑菌活性研究

研究凤尾蕨不同提取物及萃取物对细菌和真菌的活性作用;将凤尾蕨不同溶剂提取物利用倍比稀释法测定其体外抑菌活性,并对具有抑菌活性的提取物用系统溶剂法进行萃取,测定萃取物的抑菌活性;结果表明,50%的乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、痢疾杆菌有一定的抑菌活性,其乙酸乙酯萃取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌和痢疾杆菌有较强的抑制作用,其氯仿层也对痢疾杆菌有较强的抑制作用。     

秋茄提取物的体外抗菌活性研究

以10种临床分离菌株为供试菌,采用常量稀释法分别对秋茄根、枝、叶、果4个部位的乙醇和水提取物及枝水提取物A、B部位的体外抗菌活性进行初步研究．结果表明：秋茄根、叶、果、枝4个部位的水和乙醇提取物及枝水提取物A、B部位对多数临床分离菌株均显示有明显的体外抑菌和杀菌活性．其中以枝水提取物B部位的体外抗菌活性最强,其MIC均为1．953g·L^-1,除对产β-内酰胺酶乙型链球菌的MBC为15．625g·L^-1外,对其他9种菌株的MBC均为3．90625g·L^-1．实验显示,秋茄不同部位提取物均呈现广谱的抗菌活性,其中以枝水提取物B部位对10种菌株的体外抗菌活性最强．     

红树植物卤蕨地上部分提取物的生物活性初报

【目的】研究红树植物卤蕨(Acrostichum aureum)地上部分的乙醇提取物及其不同极性部位萃取物对我国3种高发性肿瘤细胞株(MCF-7,A549,HepG2)和3种微生物菌株(金黄色葡萄球菌Staphyloccocus aureus Rosenbach、大肠杆菌Escherichia coli、痤疮丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium acnes)的生长抑制作用。【方法】采用MTT法测定其对所选3种人肿瘤细胞株的细胞毒活性;采用改良的刃天青显色法,测定对3种微生物菌株的体外抗菌作用的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。【结果】卤蕨地上部分的不同极性部位提取物对所选人肿瘤细胞株和微生物菌株表现出不同程度的生长抑制作用,其中乙酸乙酯萃取部位对3种细胞株具有很好的细胞毒活性,IC50值均低于20μg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和痤疮丙酸杆菌的MIC分别为125μg/mL、125μg/mL、62.5μg/mL;正丁醇萃取部位的细胞毒活性和抑菌作用次之;石油醚萃取部位和水层对所选细胞株和菌株几乎不表现抑制作用。【结论】卤蕨地上部分乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位具有较好的细胞毒活性和抑菌作用,值得进行进一步活性追踪、分离纯化,以期获得具有药用价值的活性先导化合物。     

喙尾琵琶甲抗菌活性的研究

目的:观察喙尾琵琶甲乙醇提取物对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的体外抑菌活性.方法:采用试管稀释法测定喙尾琵琶甲乙醇提取物对5株临床分离的MRSA菌株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC),初步判断其抑菌效果.结果:喙尾琵琶甲乙醇提取物对5株MRSA的MIC值为0.98～1.95 mg/mL,MBC值为3.9～7.8 mg/mL.结论:喙尾琵琶甲乙醇提取物具有良好的体外抑菌活性.     

地板藤根的抗氧化和抑菌活性研究

采用DPPH法测定地板藤根提取物及其不同溶剂萃取物的抗氧化活性,用微生物纸片法测定其乙醇提取物的抑菌活性.结果表明:地板藤根乙醇提取物及其乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取物对DPPH自由基(DPPH.)有较强的清除能力,并且这种清除作用随其质量浓度的增大而增加.地板藤根乙醇提取物及其乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取物清除DPPH.的半数有效量(EC50)分别为0.004 6、0.004 7、0.006 4 mg/mL.抑菌实验显示地板藤根乙醇提取物有弱的抑菌活性.     

小花忍冬叶提取物的抗氧化活性

通过T-AOC法、DPPH法、Fenton法体外抗氧化试验,对小花忍冬叶乙醇提取物的各个萃取部位进行抗氧化活性研究.结果表明,小花忍冬叶5种提取物均具有不同程度的抗氧化活性,乙酸乙酯部分羟自由基清除活性最强,IC_(50)值为67.0μg/mL;清除DPPH·自由基IC_(50)为7.2μg/mL,均高于对照Vc.研究结果提示小花忍冬叶乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯萃取部分具有很强的抗氧化活性,可作为一种新型的天然抗氧化剂和自由基清除剂,具有良好的开发前景.     

地榆提取物的体外抑菌活性及机制

用乙醇、 乙酸乙酯、 二氯甲烷、 正丁醇等有机溶剂和水分别提取中草药地榆的有效成分, 得到有机酸类、 三萜类和黄酮类化合物, 并分析各提取物对伤寒杆菌和痢疾杆菌的抗菌效果和机理. 结果表明: 地榆的乙酸乙酯相、 乙醇相和正丁醇相提取物对伤寒杆菌和痢疾杆菌有抑菌作用, 与对照组相比差异极显著(p<0.01), 各提取物对实验菌的最小抑菌质量浓度（MIC）差异较大; 地榆提取物中的有机酸类、 三萜类和黄酮类化合物有不同程度的抑菌作用; 地榆提取物可通过干扰细菌细胞壁合成及抑制细胞膜的形成而抑制伤寒杆菌和痢疾杆菌生长, 其抑制作用随提取液质量浓度的增加及作用时间的延长而增强.     

克氏螯虾不同溶剂提取物抗菌活性的初步研究

用甲醇：甲苯（3：1）、95％乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙醚、石油醚、正丁醇和正己烷等不同有机溶荆分别对克氏螯虾（Canbarus clarkia Girard）的腹部肌肉和头胸部内脏的匀浆物进行浸泡提取，采用纸片法对各种提取物进行6种细菌、3种真菌和3种动植物病原菌的抑菌试验，结果表明，各提取物对试验菌具有选择性的抑制作用，同一溶剂不同部位提取物的抑菌能力不同，肌肉提取物抗细菌的效果比内脏提取物强，但对青霉和根霉的效果相反．不同溶剂同一部位提取物的押菌能力也不同，其中乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌能力最强，乙醇提取物抑菌能力最弱．     

地锦草不同提取部位抗皮肤癣菌作用

为研究地锦草不同提取部位的体外抗皮肤癣菌作用。采用大孔吸附树脂梯度洗脱分离法对地锦草乙醇提取物进行洗脱分离,得到五个洗脱部位;根据美国临床实验室标准化委员会(NCCLS)推荐的《产孢丝状真菌的液基稀释法抗真菌药物敏感性试验方案》(M38-A),测定地锦草5个提取部位对17株临床常见皮肤癣菌的最低抑菌浓度值(MIC)。结果表明地锦草5个提取部位均有显著的抗真菌作用,其抗真菌有效物质主要集中在20%乙醇和40%乙醇洗脱部分。由此可知,地锦草不同提取部位对试验菌株的生长具有明显地抑制作用。     

叶下珠提取物体外抗菌活性的实验研究

目的：研究叶下珠乙醇和水提取物的体外抗菌活性.方法：以临床分离的6种菌株为供试菌,采用常量稀释法分别检测叶下珠乙醇、水提取物的体外最低抑菌浓度（MIC）及最低杀菌浓度（MBC）.结果：叶下珠乙醇和水提取物对6种菌株均有体外抑菌和杀菌活性.叶下珠水提取物对产BLs金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肠球菌及产ESBLs阴性大肠杆菌的MIC分别为1.953goL-1、1.953goL-1、7.8125goL-1、3.90625 goL-1,抑菌作用强,对产BLs金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和产ESBLs阴性大肠杆菌的MBC分别为3.90625goL-、3.90625goL-1、31.25go-1,杀菌作用强.结论：叶下珠提取物对多种病原菌有不同程度的抗菌活性,可供开发此药用资源作参考.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to