内生真菌Hd3菌株发酵条件优化研究

利用Plackett-Burman设计和响应面设计方法对Hd3菌株的发酵条件进行了优化研究,确定了最佳培养基组成及培养条件.试验结果表明;Hd3菌株的摇瓶培养基配方为葡萄糖24.71 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 1.08 g/L,土豆244.17 g/L.发酵条件为pH 6～7,250 mL三角瓶装90 mL发酵液,接入9×103 cfu/mL菌量,31℃培养9 d.     

杀真菌素链霉菌AL-04发酵产抗生素工艺研究

为了提高杀真菌素链霉菌菌株AL-04的发酵滤液对植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,采用单因素试验和均匀试验设计,对其发酵条件和培养基成分进行了研究.结果表明,菌株AL-04产抗生素的最适发酵培养基为:黄豆粉34.0g,鱼粉12.0g,蔗糖2.0g,可溶性淀粉6.0g,NaCl 2g,K2HPO40.5g,MgSO4.7H2O 0.1g,ZnSO40.01g,FeSO4.7H2O 0.01g,CaCO32g,蒸馏水1000mL;产抗生素的适宜发酵条件为:接种量10%,种子液菌龄36h,装液量50mL/300mL三角摇瓶,初始pH值7.2.在上述条件下,28℃、180r/min振荡培养7d,菌株AL-04的抑菌率比原始发酵培养基提高了13.6%,差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01).     

降解胆固醇的假单胞菌DGC-2的发酵培养基和培养条件

从动物粪便样品中分离出一株胆固醇氧化酶活力较高的DGC-2菌株,经鉴定为假单胞菌.利用单因子实验和正交试验对DGC-2菌株产胆固醇氧化酶摇瓶发酵的培养基及培养条件进行优化.其产酶的最适培养基为:蔗糖5 g/L,酵母粉3 g/L,牛肉膏1 g/L,吐温-80 1 g/L,胆固醇1 g/L,NH4NO31 g/L,KH2PO40.25 g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 0.25 g/L,FeSO40.001 g/L;最适培养条件为:初始pH6.5,接种量8.0%(v/v),32℃培养50h.在最适培养基及最适培养条件下,胆固醇氧化酶的活力可达到712 U/L.     

抗大豆尖孢镰刀菌新型固体生物农药的研制

以抑菌圈直径为指标,采用牛津杯法测定青霉TS67菌株的胞外代谢产物对大豆尖孢镰刀菌(Fusari-um oxysporum)的抑制活性,对该菌株的固体培养基成分及其配比进行优化,同时对pH、温度、含水量、接种量及最佳培养周期等生长条件进行测定.实验结果表明:青霉TS67菌株的最佳固体培养基配方为麸皮6g,黄豆粉3g,KH2PO40.3g,KCl 14.5mg,MgSO4.7H2O 14.5mg,FeSO4.7H2O 0.29mg,水29mL;将1.3mL 2×106 CFU/mL的青霉TS67菌株孢子悬液接种于40g最佳培养基上,pH6～7,28℃进行固体发酵培养96h,获得含有菌丝、孢子、代谢产物的固体培养物,该培养物的磷酸缓冲液浸提物能够有效抑制大豆尖孢镰刀菌的生长.     

红曲霉液态发酵产洛伐他汀条件的研究

对红曲霉GM026产洛伐他汀的液态发酵培养基成分和发酵条件进行了研究,结果表明,最佳培养基组成:甘油9%,大豆粉0.75%,NaNO30.2%,MgSO4.7H2O 0.05%,KH2PO40.15%;最佳发酵条件:培养温度26℃,初始pH=5.0,接种量7%,250 mL三角瓶装液量为50 mL,摇床转速170 rad/min。在上述条件下,发酵培养14 d,洛伐他汀产量达到375.853 mg/L.     

红曲霉液态发酵多糖工艺条件的优化

研究了红曲霉产多糖的液态发酵条件,得出优化后的培养基组成为:蔗糖45 g/L,酵母粉4.5 g/L,KH2PO4·3H2O 3.5 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.85 g/L.通过单因素实验和正交试验,得到红曲霉N产多糖的优化发酵工艺条件为:种龄30 h,接种量7.5%,发酵培养基初始pH 5.75,装液量162.5mL/1 000 mL三角瓶,发酵时间84 h.在此条件下,红曲霉液态发酵的多糖质量浓度达999.8 mg/L,比优化前的684.2 mg/L提高46.1%。     

大肠杆菌K5多糖生物合成条件的优化

采用Plackett-Burman实验、正交试验设计方法对K5多糖的生物合成条件进行优化.然后,在摇瓶及5L发酵罐中进行K5多糖发酵过程研究.结果表明:最佳培养基组成为麦芽糖20 g/L,蛋白胨15 g/L,MnCl4·4H2O0.1 g/L,MgSO4 ·7H2O 2.0g/L,KH2PO4 2.0 g/L,K2HPO4 9.7 g/L,脱水枸橼酸钠0.5 g/L;250 mL摇瓶最佳装液量为15 mL.优化后5L发酵罐中K5多糖的质量浓度为1.8 g/L,较优化前的0.3 g/L提高了5倍.     

产褐藻胶裂解酶菌株的筛选及发酵条件优化

为进一步探索高产褐藻胶裂解酶菌株,促进其工业化应用,以褐藻酸钠为唯一碳源筛选培养基,从鲍鱼内脏中筛选出一株高产褐藻胶裂解酶菌株B4,通过形态学观察和系统发育分析,鉴定为弧菌属细菌Vibrio sp.B4。通过单因素实验对B4菌株的发酵条件和发酵培养基进行优化,获得发酵培养基的最适碳源为褐藻酸钠10g/L,最适氮源为(NH4)2SO410g/L,最适发酵条件为温度30℃,接种量1%,培养基初始pH 6.0。在单因素实验的基础上,通过Plackett-Burman(PB)筛选出3个影响产酶活力的显著因素:(NH4)2SO4浓度、pH、接种量。通过响应面进一步分析优化,得到最佳的发酵培养基为褐藻酸钠10g/L,(NH_4)_2SO_4 10.91g/L,NaCl 10g/L,KH_2PO_4 1g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5g/L,CaCl_2 0.2g/L,FeSO_4·7H_2O 0.02g/L,最佳发酵条件为温度30℃,接种量1.1%,起始pH 6.07。在最佳培养条件下,褐藻胶裂解酶活力可达19.09U/mL,比基础培养条件下提高了3.67倍。该菌经过产酶发酵条件的优化,酶活力得到较大幅度的提高,且其发酵产酶时间短,可为褐藻胶裂解酶的进一步研究应用提供参考。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌LLB19发酵培养基的优化

通过单因子实验对苏云金芽孢杆菌LLB19菌株发酵培养基碳氮源配方进行优化,确定以玉米淀粉、玉米粉为发酵培养基的碳源;以黄豆饼粉、酵母粉作为发酵培养基的氮源.采用Plackett-Burman设计,SAS软件分析该菌株的发酵培养基配方,确定了玉米淀粉、黄豆饼粉、酵母粉为影响LLB19菌株芽孢含量的3种重要因子.运用爬坡路径法对这3种因子进行实验,获得这3种重要因子的最适质量浓度范围.通过响应面分析法,得出3种重要影响因子的交互作用及最佳条件.确定LLB19菌株产芽孢最佳发酵培养基为:玉米淀粉20.0 g/L,黄豆饼粉26.7 g/L,酵母粉5.5 g/L,K2HPO4 0.3 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.2 g/L,CaCO3 0.4 g/L,ZnSO4 0.2 g/L.最佳发酵培养基芽孢数为4.250×107/mL,与初始培养基芽孢数3.410×107/mL相比提高了24.6%.     

一株产高温纤维素酶曲霉菌的发酵条件及培养基优化

对一株产高温纤维素酶的曲霉(Aspergillus sp.)F4菌株进行培养基及发酵条件的优化.最佳产酶液体培养基配方为:稻草粉40 g·L-1,(NH4)2SO43.5 g·L-1,NaCl 2 g·L-1,KH2PO42 g·L-1,MgSO4.7H2O 0.5g·L-1,甘油0.20%,pH 5.5;优化后CMC酶活力提高16.7倍.优化后产酶条件为:接种量4%,温度37℃,摇床转速150 r.min-1,装液量80 mL/250 mL.在此条件下发酵8 d,CMC酶活力达到了12.26 U.mL-1,比优化前提高了约2倍.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.