系统概念的起源、发展和含义

系统是系统科学中的最重要的概念。文章首先对这一概念的起源进行了简略考察,然后分四个阶段论述了这一概念的发展,在比较现有概念的基础上,作者给出了系统概念的定义：系统是由相互联系、相互作用的要素组成的,具备一定性能的某种层次的总体,它是事物存在的一种普遍形式。最后作者讨论了系统与非系统的关系问题。     

有线电视系统中的视频点播系统的开发

该VOD系统是附加在有线电视系统(CATV)或闭路电视系统(CCTV)上的增值服务系统，它以同轴电缆(Cabie)为下行传输媒质，电话线为上行点播信道，用户通过数字机顶盒STB(Set Tob Box)，便可在电视机上点播与收看所需要的视频节目或信息服务节目。适用于宾馆饭店、居民住宅小区或乡镇有线电视网。     

生物质能系统研究及发展

阐述了近年来世界各国在生物质能源系统研究和应用方面的成果和经验，强调了在生物质能源的开发利用过程中，运用系统工程的方法．对于实现能源、社会、经济、环境的协调发展，实行可持续发展战略，将提供有益的帮助。     

智能安防系统的开发应用

将以太网与门禁监控技术相结合，使构建大规模、跨地域的门禁和监控系统成为可能。以NOKIA和IBM安防工程为例，阐述了现代安防系统的设计方案，在比较传统与现代安防系统的基础上，指出现代安防系统采用TCP／IP网络技术，具有显著的优越性。     

家庭影院系统综述

家庭影院系统综述□秦崎陈建苗当前，家庭影院的热潮正在兴起，并且逐渐成为家庭电子化的新时尚，将很快地普及到寻常百姓家，成为我国现代家庭的新三大件之一。何谓家庭影院，就是指在自己的家中，通过ＡＶ器材的合理搭配，使影院的音像效果完美逼真地重现。一、目前家庭...     

多媒体数字监控系统

项目介绍 随着社会的发展与信息时代的到来，人们对工作环境、工作方式以及工作条件都提出了新的要求，用大量的人力对远端的工作现场进行经常的巡视、检修的工作方式必将被淘汰。人们需要一种在工作室里就可以对远端现场进行监视控制的产品出现。而且，在安全部门中，由于工作性质的特殊需求，更需要有先进的手段来完成监视与控制。     

试论创新型试点城市如何完善创新体系

创新体系建设是创新型城市的关键,创新体系建设包括引导层、支持层、核心层和服务层四个方面的建设,缺一不可。依据兰州现状,本论述提出了四个层方面急需完善的建议和对策,使兰州创新型试点城市工作更有针对性和实效性。     

谈住宅小区智能化

住宅小区智能化是近年来在我国城市商品住宅建设中大力推广、并将不断发展的一项高新技术之一，是建筑技术与现代电子技术、信息与网络技术、计算机技术和自动化技术等多学科研究成果的结合应用。智能住宅小区的智能化系统，通常应包括“三A”系统，即安全自动防范系统(SAS系统)、通讯自动化系统(CAS系统)和管理自动化系统(MAS系统)，这样的住宅小区才可成为具有实用性、安全性、舒适性以及提供娱乐、教育、健康服务等方面优越性的智能化住宅小区。     

天津港港区施工用电中保护接零和保护接地的比较

通过对保护接地和保护接零的原理阐述和优缺点分析比较,结合港区施工现场现状得出了在港区施工用电中保护接地比保护接零更为适用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to