基坑周边建筑物不均匀沉降变形的模拟分析

为解决基坑工程对周围建筑物产生影响的问题,应用弹塑性大变形理论对桩-锚支护形式下基坑开挖引起的周边建筑物不均匀沉降问题进行了模拟分析.分别研究了建筑物距基坑8.5、17.0、25.5和34.0 m时,锚杆层数、开挖深度等因素对周边建筑物不均匀沉降变形的影响.研究表明:当建筑物与基坑的距离小于1.5H(H为基坑开挖深度)时,建筑物的不均匀沉降变形受锚杆层数的影响较大,并随锚杆层数的增加而减小,当建筑物与基坑的距离大于1.5H时,建筑物的不均匀沉降变形受锚杆层数的影响不大;一般地,建筑物的不均匀沉降变形随基坑开挖深度的增加呈现正-负-正的变化趋势,即出现了倾斜方向的变化;当基坑开挖深度大于临界开挖深度时,建筑物的不均匀沉降变形显著增大.     

深基坑开挖对周边地表沉降变形的影响

为有效控制基坑周边地表的沉降变形,应用弹塑性大变形理论与有限差分理论,对哈尔滨地区桩-锚支护形式下深基坑开挖引起的周边地表沉降进行了数值模拟,分析了开挖深度、锚杆层数、建筑物距离对基坑周边地表沉降变形的影响规律及基坑周边地表沉降变形的量化范围。结果表明,基坑周边地表的沉降量与沉降范围随锚杆层数的增加而减小;建筑物的存在不仅增大了地表的沉降量,而且使基坑周围地表的最大沉降区向基坑方向移动;当建筑物与基坑的距离小于1.0倍基坑设计开挖深度时,建筑物距离对地表沉降变形的影响较明显;基坑开挖对周边地表的影响范围基本在与基坑边缘相距1.5倍基坑设计开挖深度范围之内。     

基坑开挖对近邻建筑物沉降影响的数值模拟

基坑开挖引起的近邻建筑物沉降变形是多种因素耦合作用的结果，现有的计算理论很难考虑这种多因素的耦合作用。针对这一问题，采用大型工程软件FLAC-2D对土钉墙支护形式下基坑开挖引起的近邻建筑物沉降问题进行了数值模拟分析，得出了一些基本结论：基坑开挖深度较小时，建筑物的绝对沉降量随基坑开挖深度的增加而接近线性增加，并受建筑物层数的影响较大；建筑物的不均匀沉降随基坑开挖深度的增加而增加，但增加量随建筑物距基坑距离的增加而减小；建筑物的倾斜方向随建筑物与基坑距离的增加由背离基坑方向转变为朝向基坑方向等。     

深基坑开挖对邻近既有独立基础变形的影响

针对深基坑开挖对近邻既有独立基础变形的影响问题,应用有限元软件ABAQUS建立包括基坑、土体、独立基础在内的整体模型,分析基坑开挖深度、建筑物与基坑间距、连续墙厚度及嵌固深度等因素对基坑近邻独立基础沉降量与水平位移的影响。分析表明:开挖深度对基础沉降量的影响程度大于其对基础水平位移的影响程度。建筑物与基坑间距对基础沉降的影响远大于对水平位移的影响,当间距大于1.0H时,对基础沉降基本没有影响。连续墙厚度对独立基础水平位移的影响较大,对沉降的影响较小。增加连续墙的嵌固深度对临近独立基础沉降与水平位移的影响程度较接近。     

砂土地区深基坑稳定性评价及力学效应分析

结合某地铁车站基坑开挖工程,基于基坑支护结构的现场实测数据,对排桩内支撑基坑支护体系桩顶水平位移,桩体侧向位移及基坑周边土体沉降量进行分析,得出基坑围护结构各项位移和周边土体沉降随时间及开挖深度的变化规律.建立研究区二维有限元模型,并将实测数据与模拟值进行对比,研究支护结构内力变化及桩后土体应力状态.研究结果表明:基坑长边桩顶水平位移约为短边桩顶水平位移的3倍,桩体最大侧向变形量位于1/2H(H为基坑开挖深度)处;基坑开挖及降水引起地面沉降范围约3H,基坑周边各监测断面最大沉降量出现在距基坑边22m处(约0.82H~0.96H),内支撑架设有助于增大基坑整体稳定性.     

基坑开挖对邻近桩基础的影响研究

基坑开挖对邻近已有建筑或建筑基础存在较大的影响和潜在的威胁.结合具体工程实例,应用大型三维Midas/GTS有限元计算程序对西安某基坑开挖工程进行数值模拟,从基坑开挖深度、开挖距离和开挖坡度对临近建筑桩基影响的力学效应和变形特征进行研究.计算结果表明:随开挖深度的增加,基础沉降量不断增加.随着基坑与基础间距的增加,基础沉降量远大于水平位移的变形量.随着基坑开挖坡度的变化,群桩位移,变形并未出现陡增或骤降.     

地铁深基坑施工与邻近建筑的关联效应研究

目的研究地铁深基坑开挖对邻近建筑物的影响,分析造成建筑物产生沉降的不同因素,为类似地铁深基坑工程与对建筑物的保护提供可靠指导.方法以岩土数字软件MIDAS GTS NX为基础,结合沈阳地铁十号线北大营街站深基坑工程,建立土体与基坑围护结构相互作用的三维整体计算模型,并将数值模拟值与实测数据进行比较,检验模型的适用性;根据模型分析有哪些因素在基坑开挖时对建筑物变形有影响.结果距基坑边缘距离以及围护桩埋深度对建筑物沉降有较大影响,建筑物边缘距基坑边缘的距离为6 m时,基坑较为安全;基坑围护桩埋入土深度为1.5倍的基坑开挖深度时,可以较好地抑制相邻建筑的变形,超过这个临界点时抑制作用明显减小.结论当类似工程如果建筑物距离基坑小于6 m时,可以提前采取一些加固措施,如设置隔断墙,在开挖前采取提高围护桩入土深度来减小基坑支护结构和邻近建筑物变形.     

深基坑开挖对周围管线变形的影响研究

研究深基坑开挖对周围管线变形的影响对确保施工安全来说很有必要。本研究实时监测深基坑周边管线，根据实测数据对各测点沉降、同一管线沉降、测点与基坑间距离对沉降影响以及沉降依时变化规律展开分析。结果表明，当开挖到某深度，预应力锚杆等支护措施会减小监测点累计沉降量；因同一工作面开挖深度不同及同一管线与基坑距离不同，易造成管线不规则沉降；LogNormal拟合符合沉降量走势。     

坑角效应对基坑周边建筑物影响的有限元分析

在基坑工程中,当建筑物紧邻基坑坑角时,坑外土体的不均匀沉降将导致建筑物发生挠曲变形与扭转变形,其中,挠曲变形趋势及挠曲程度取决于建筑物所跨区间内土体沉降曲线的挠曲变形特征,而扭转变形则与建筑物同坑角的相对位置紧密相关．在挠曲变形与扭转变形的共同作用下,建筑物墙体拉应变将受到坑角效应的显著影响．算例结果表明：对于纵墙平行于基坑边的建筑物,当其距坑角距离小于1倍开挖深度时,坑角效应对建筑物变形起不利作用,显著增大了建筑物的墙体拉应变,即此时建筑物是最为不利的;而当建筑物纵墙垂直于基坑边,且距坑角距离小于1倍开挖深度时,坑角效应对建筑物变形起有利作用,使得建筑物的墙体拉应变显著降低;而当建筑物距坑角距离大于1倍开挖深度时,坑角效应对建筑物墙体拉应变的影v向基本可以忽略,但墙体拉应变达到最大值,即此时建筑物是最为不利的．     

悬挂式止水帷幕基坑降水开挖对临近高铁桥墩影响

当含水层深厚时,基坑工程中常采用悬挂式止水帷幕,此时止水帷幕深度对基坑降水开挖引起的周边地表和建筑物变形有着重要影响。为了研究不同止水帷幕深度条件下基坑降水开挖对临近高铁桥墩变形的影响,采用三维有限元软件,对苏州某地铁车站基坑降水开挖过程进行数值模拟。结果表明:随着止水帷幕深度增加,临近基坑的高架桥墩沉降量逐渐减小,当止水帷幕深度41、91 m时,距基坑42.5 m处的高铁高架桥墩沉降量分别为31.88、4.18 mm;在悬挂式止水帷幕条件下,止水帷幕深度大于91 m才能满足基坑降水对临近高铁桥墩的沉降控制要求(≤5 mm)。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-