在干摩擦和边界润滑条件下丁苯橡胶对20#钢的磨损机理研究

用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)和X射线光电子能谱仪 (XPS)分析了磨损表面的形貌、元素含量及金属表面元素化学状态的变化 ,用镜面全反射傅立叶红外光谱仪 (FT IR)分析了橡胶表面官能团的变化。结果表明 ,2 0 # 钢被磨损的物理过程为磨粒磨损 (微切削 )。 2 0 # 钢被磨损的化学机制包括 :①金属及其氧化物与丁苯橡胶大分子自由基的反应 ;金属与具有含氧基团的丁苯橡胶分子链间的反应 ;②金属与矿物油烷烃链间及金属与氧化的矿物油烷烃链间的反应 ,主要反应产物为含有Fe C的金属聚合物及含有Fe O的聚合物 ;③金属本身的氧化 ,主要反应产物为Fe2 O3 ,FeO和Fe3 O4,在边界润滑条件下的金属磨损表面的氧化最明显     

橡胶制动皮碗的溶胀作用分析及其控制原理

针对目前汽车制动液普遍存在的橡胶溶胀问题，进行了系统的研究和探讨．以核磁共振（ＮＭＲ）为主要的结构分析手段，结合天然橡胶（ＮＲ），丁苯橡胶（ＳＢＲ）和三元乙丙橡胶（ＥＰＲ）制动皮碗在不同汽车制动液中溶胀前后的根径变化值、硬度下降值和体积膨胀率等数据．讨论及分析了橡胶制动皮碗的溶胀原因及作用，并提出了通过汽车制动液的主体结构、增加介质极性和利用界面活性剂等途径防止橡胶制动皮碗溶胀的方法．     

一种新型丁二烯和苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的结构表征

采用具有f 轨道的稀土金属催化剂进行丁二烯(Bd)与苯乙烯(St)嵌段共聚得到丁苯共聚物。利用FTIR ,¹H NMR和¹³C-NMR和TEM分别对萃取均聚物后的共聚物进行微观结构、共聚物组成和微观形态的表征,利用GPC双检测(RI,UV)表征共聚物的相对分子质量、相对分子质量分布以及组成分布。实验结果表明:该共聚物为丁二烯与苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物,丁二烯结构单元中顺-1,4摩尔分数为97.0%,苯乙烯结合量为21.8% (摩尔分数)。共聚物中聚丁二烯(PB)链段与聚苯乙烯 (PS)链段形成了微观相分离结构。     

新型天然橡胶吸油树脂的研制及其性能研究

以天然橡胶生胶为单体．二乙烯苯为交联剂，过氧化蓉甲酰为引发剂，在甲苯溶液中交联聚合得到新型天然橡胶吸油树脂，并对其分子结构进行红外光谱表征。此外探讨了聚合反应条件对树脂吸油率和吸油速率的影响以及树脂的缓释性能。天然橡胶吸油树脂对甲苯的最大吸收率为25．0，对煤油的最大吸收率为26.6。     

纳米高岭土和白炭黑硫化橡胶复合材料

采用硫化和机械性能测试以及热重分析(TGA)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段,对纳米高岭土(NK)和白炭黑(PS)各自填充的丁苯橡胶(SBR)、天然橡胶(NR)、顺丁橡胶(BR)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)等四种复合材料的硫化性能、力学性能、热稳定性能和微观结构进行了表征和时比.结果表明,纳米高岭土有效改善了橡胶前期硫化的操作安全性,加快了硫化速度,提高了生产效率.其橡胶复合材料具有优异的弹性,拉伸性能与白炭黑橡胶基本接近,撕裂强度和定伸强度比白碳黑稍差.纳米高岭石在橡胶基体中分散性良好,片层厚度小于100 nm,呈定向平行排列.纳米高岭石粒子与橡胶大分子之间良好的界面结合,是促进其热稳定性能提高的主要原因.图5,表3,参11.     

High Oil-absorptive Composites Prepared from Non-woven Fiber and Sponges with 4-tert- buty1styrene-EPDM-divinylbenzene Graft Polymer

4-tert-butylstyrene-EPDM-divinylbenzene graft terpolymer (PBED) was prepared by graft cross-polymerization in toluene using BPO as an initiator. The gel-PBED and solPBED were isolated from extraction of tetrahydrofuran (THF), and then they were identified by IR spectroscopy. The maximum oil-absorptivity of gel-PBED produced from the optinum reaction conditions was 8 420% but its swelling rate was very low. The highest oil-absorptivity of photocrosslinked sol-PBED film was 5 800%. Although its oil absorbency was not as high as gel-PBED' s, swelling rate was higher than that of gelPBED and was suitable for commercial purpose. After swelling in oil, neither gel PBED nor photocrosslinked sol-PBED film having high oil-absorptivity had sufficient mechanical strength to be taken out of oil wholly. As is known, composite technique is one of the useful methods for reinforcing them. Fibers, sponges and non-woven cloths were used as reinforcers or supporters in this work. Oil-absorptivities and swelling kinetics were evaluated by method ASTM (F726 - 81 ) and an experimental equation. The mechanical properties and the morphologies of some composites were measured by tensile tester and SEM , respectively.     

顺1,4-聚丁二烯凝胶的制备及溶胀特性研究

采用溶液聚合工艺，以未经硫化的顺丁橡胶为高分子骨架进行接枝交联制备了1，4—聚丁二烯凝胶。研究了反应条件，如溶剂用量、引发剂用量、交联剂用量及4—叔丁基苯乙烯(tBS)对有机凝胶的平衡溶胀率的影响。实验表明，该凝胶在二甲苯、环己烷中最大溶胀率(Qe)分别为51．35g／g和29．41g／g。研究了该凝胶在二甲苯中的溶胀特性，得到一个与实验结果相吻合的溶胀动力学方程：Q=Qe—[kt 1/Qe-Qo]^-1，同时也发现二甲苯在凝胶中的扩散行为可用Fickian定律来描述。     

耐温耐盐聚合物堵剂的制备及性能研究

针对高温高矿化度地质条件特点,合成了对苯乙烯磺酸钠–2–丙烯酰胺基–2–甲基丙磺酸–膨润土聚合物堵剂。采用不同浓度盐溶液、使用温度及时间评价其耐盐耐温性能,优化了携带液体系,采用岩芯模拟实验考察堵剂封堵效果及耐冲刷性能。结果表明：该堵剂在80130 ℃恒温放置60 d 后树脂的吸水率和强度基本保持不变,树脂耐温性能良好;在质量分数30% 的模拟盐水溶液中吸水率仍可达12.00 g
g..1,树脂的耐盐性能良好;树脂在含水40% 的乳化油中3 h 不膨胀;岩芯实验测定聚合物堵剂在高渗和中渗通道中封堵率达到99.96% 和96.41%,经30 PV 水长期冲刷封堵率仍可达95.12% 和94.43%。     

Effect of modified elastomeric binders on the electrochemical properties of silicon anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Silicon has been investigated intensively as a promising anode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The choice of a binder is very important to solve the problem of the large capacity fade observed along cycling. The effect of modified elastomeric binders on the electrochemical performance of crystalline nano-silicon powders was studied. Compared with the conventional binder (polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)), Si electrodes using the elastomeric styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) combined binder show an improved cycling performance. The reversible capacity of the Si electrode with the SCMC/SBR binder is as high as 2221 mA·h/g for 30 cycles in a voltage window between 0.005 and 2 V. The structure changes from SEM images of the silicon electrodes with different binders were used to explore the property improvement.     

杂臂星型苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物的结构与性能

采用自制的含碳锡键和聚二烯烃臂的多官能团大分子有机锂作为引发剂,四氢呋喃为结构调节剂,环己烷为溶剂,阴离子聚合法合成了杂臂星型苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物;依据多官能团大分子引发剂中二烯烃的不同,所合成的共聚物分别为PI-Sn-(SBR)3和PB-Sn-(SBR)3。用GPC1、H-NMR和DSC分析了杂臂星型共聚物的结构,并研究了硫化胶的物理机械性能和动态力学性能。结果表明,杂臂星型共聚物中聚二烯烃臂中1,4结构质量分数约为90%;苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚臂中1,2-PB质量分数约为45%。DMTA测试表明杂臂星型共聚物在保持低滚动阻力的同时具有更好的抗湿滑性和低温性。两种共聚物都满足高性能轮胎胎面胶的要求。     

油田用吸水性树脂的合成与性能研究

文中以聚丙烯酸盐为主体合成的吸水性树脂是一种新型油田调驱剂,它是以丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺为反应单体,以N, N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,并加入聚乙烯醇,在60 ℃下以过硫酸铵/亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂合成的吸水性树脂。研究结果表明:当交联剂质量分数在0.05%～0.10%范围内时,吸水性树脂常温25 ℃下吸水量较低(340 mL/g),而在高温90 ℃下吸水量则升高到645 g/g;当n(AM)∶n(AA)摩尔比在0～0.14范围变化时吸盐量也由5 mL/g提高到60 mL/g,这种吸水量依赖于温度而变化的吸水性树脂适合用作油田调驱剂。     

MBS对PLA/GMS吹塑薄膜性能的影响

用熔融共混方法制备聚乳酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯 丁二烯 苯乙烯三元共聚物/单硬脂酸甘油酯三元共混物及吹塑薄膜， 并研究聚乳酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯 丁二烯 苯乙烯三元共聚物/单硬脂酸甘油酯三元薄膜的力学性能、 光学性能、 流变性能、 热性能和结晶 性能. 其中, 甲基丙烯酸甲酯 丁二烯 苯乙烯三元共聚物为增韧剂, 单硬脂酸甘油酯为增塑剂. 结果表明： 加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯 丁二烯 苯乙烯三元共聚物可改善聚乳酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯 丁二烯 苯乙烯三元共聚物/单硬脂酸甘油酯薄膜的力学性能, 并提高聚乳酸的结晶性能.     

MBS对PLA/GMS吹塑薄膜性能的影响

用熔融共混方法制备聚乳酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯 丁二烯 苯乙烯三元共聚物/单硬脂酸甘油酯三元共混物及吹塑薄膜, 并研究聚乳酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯 丁二烯 苯乙烯三元共聚物/单硬脂酸甘油酯三元薄膜的力学性能、 光学性能、 流变性能、 热性能和结晶 性能. 其中, 甲基丙烯酸甲酯 丁二烯 苯乙烯三元共聚物为增韧剂, 单硬脂酸甘油酯为增塑剂. 结果表明： 加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯 丁二烯 苯乙烯三元共聚物可改善聚乳酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯 丁二烯 苯乙烯三元共聚物/单硬脂酸甘油酯薄膜的力学性能, 并提高聚乳酸的结晶性能.     

SBS改性沥青基吸水膨胀防水材料的研制

以改性沥青 (沥青、SBS、基础油的质量比为 1 0 0∶1 4∶6)为基质 ,加入吸水物质A或吸水物质B ,混合均匀后制成吸水膨胀型防水材料。实验结果表明 ,以此改性沥青为基质的材料具有好的形状保持能力和耐热能力。当A物质与改性沥青的质量比由 0 .67增加到 1 .50时 ,所研制的材料不具有吸水膨胀性能 ;当B物质与改性沥青的质量比为 0 .0 5～ 0 .1 1时 ,所研制的材料的吸水能力适中 ,具有好的吸水性能 ;当B物质与改性沥青的质量比为 0 .0 5及A物质与改性沥青的质量比为 0 .1 5～ 0 .30时 ,所研制的材料吸水能力适中 ,性能优良 ,可用作吸水膨胀材料。材料的吸水膨胀能力随着B物质含量的增加而增大。随着A物质含量的增加 ,吸水膨胀材料的断裂延伸值、弹性恢复率都有减小的趋势。当B物质与改性沥青的质量比小于 0 .2 5时 ,B物质的加入对改性沥青的断裂延伸值和弹性恢复率影响不大。A物质和B物质复配的效果好于单独使用A物质和B物质的效果     

红光染料掺杂聚合物薄膜的放大自发发射特性

利用355 nm 三倍频Nd ∶ YAG激光器为泵浦源, 研究红光染料(DCJTB)在聚苯乙烯、 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚N-乙烯基咔唑三种聚合物基体薄膜中放大的自发发射(ASE)特性. 结果表明, DCJTB/聚N-乙烯基咔唑薄膜表现出很强的ASE, 具有高增益和低阈值的特性, 是一种比较优良的有机聚合物薄膜激光材料体系.     

SBR/PAANa遇水膨胀橡胶的力学及膨胀性能研究

研究了SBR/PAANa混炼型遇水膨胀橡胶的力学及遇水膨胀性性能.结果表明,PAANa含量越高,SBR/PAANa膨胀性能和压缩永久变形性越高,但拉伸强度逐渐降低;相对于在去离子水中,增加金属离子浓度或者金属离子电荷都会使SBR/PAANa膨胀性能下降.     

Effects of Hydrophilic Monomer Types and Level on Polystyrene-Acrylate/montmorillonite Nanocomposite Made by Emulsion Polymerization

1 Results Nanocomposite has attracted more and more interest all over the world.Polystyrene (PS) is a commercialized and mass-productive polymer,continuous research efforts have been devoted to the development of polystyrene/montmorillonite (PS/MMT) nanocomposites[1-2].But the polarity of styrene (St) is too small to intercalate the space between the clay layers.The polarity of hydrophilic monomer is so strong that it can intercalate the MMT easily,the intercalated smectic clays maybe exfoliated by usin...     

豆油-苯乙烯共聚物的悬浮制备

采用悬浮聚合法将豆油与苯乙烯进行自由基共聚,制备支化和部分交联的聚合材料。结果表明,豆油与苯乙烯发生了共聚,聚合物中甘油酯基最高摩尔分数达到0.81%,豆油单元的质量分数达到6.50%。聚合温度85.0℃,反应时间4.0h,反应物中悬浮剂（聚乙烯醇）的质量分数0.15%,反应物中豆油的质量分数在10%时,共聚物的分子量达到最大值。共聚物中甘油酯基的含量随着反应物豆油含量的增加而增加。当反应物豆油的质量分数为10%时,凝胶的质量分数达到最大值3.70%。     

High Oil-absorptive Composites Prepared from Non-woven Fiber and Sponges with 4-tert- butylstyrene-EPDM-divinylbenzene Graft Polymer

4-tert-butylstyrene-EPDM-divinylbenzene graft terpolym-er (PBED) was prepared by graft cross-polymerization in toluene using BPO as an initiator. The gel-PBED and sol-PBED were isolated from extraction of tetrahydrofuran (THF), and then they were identified by IR spectr-oscopy. The maximum oil-absorptivity of gel-PBED produced from the optimum reaction conditions was 8420% but its swelling rate was very low. The highest oil-absorptivity of photocrosslinked sol-PBED film was 5 800%. Although its oil absorbency was not as high as gel-PBED' s, swelling rate was higher than that of gel-PBED and was suitable for commercial purpose. After swelling in oil, neither gel-PBED nor photocrosslinked sol-PBED film having high oil-absorptivity had sufficient mechanical strength to be taken out of oil wholly. As is known, composite technique is one of the useful methods for reinforcing them. Fibers, sponges and non-woven cloths were used as reinforcers or supporters in this work. Oil-absorptivities and swelling kinetics     

具有一个CM公共值集的亚纯函数

研究了具有7个互不相同元素的CM公共值集合的亚纯函数的唯一性问题,改进并推广了一些结果.