科技期刊亮点

科学家分析智利8.8级地震海啸对中国的影响海啸是由海底地震、火山喷发、海底山体滑坡或者海底核爆炸等产生的具有超长波长和中等周期的大洋行波。其中,海底地震引发的地壳垂向错动可造成大面积水体的突然升降,形成一系列波长数十至数百千米、周期2～200min的长重力波,一般称之为地震海啸。海啸在大洋中传播数千千米而能量衰减甚小,当其行进至浅水区时,波速变     

海底输气管道泄漏扩散可视化仿真软件开发

为实现海底输气管道泄漏扩散结果的实时可视化仿真,对海底输气管道泄漏扩散可视化仿真软件进行了结构分析与功能模块划分,以数值模拟实验为基础建立了海底输气管道泄漏扩散模型数据库,编写Matlab程序读取数据库信息并进行简化处理,生成了泄漏气体扩散影响范围数据点矩阵。使用统计学方法,并引入边界曲线拟合系数对泄漏影响范围边界进行曲线拟合,实现了对泄漏气体影响范围的实时判断。在此基础上,使用Matlab/C++混合编程方法,完成了海底输气管道泄漏扩散可视化仿真软件设计及开发。     

2022年汤加火山喷发与海啸观测

2022年1月15日世界标准时间4∶14，位于南太平洋汤加俯冲带火山链区域的Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai(HTHH,175.39°W,20.55°S)火山爆发并激发全球性海啸。聚焦火山喷发和海啸波的观测方法，介绍了海底传感器、大气波变化卫星图、电离层扰动对火山喷发和海啸的最新监测结果。结合该区域的地质构造与火山喷发历史资料，综述了2022年汤加HTHH火山喷发引起的海啸特征、最新观测手段，提出了对俯冲带火山海啸等进行详细的海洋地球物理调查、基于观测综合量化研究海底火山大规模喷发对全球气候的潜在影响等建议。     

输气管道滑坡灾害影响因素敏感性分析

为保证输气管道在滑坡灾害下能够安全运行,需对输气管道滑坡灾害进行影响因素敏感性分析,以识别出管道应力与影响因素之间的敏感状况.利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立输气管道滑坡灾害数值分析模型,计算出管道的最大Mises应力值;应用敏感性系数分析法分析了输气管道滑坡灾害的主要影响因素,得出主要影响因素与管道应力之间的变化规律.计算结果表明,管道在横穿滑坡区域时,除管道壁厚与管道应力呈反向变化关系外,滑坡宽度、内摩擦角度、土体黏聚力、管道埋深和管内压力都与管道应力呈正向变化关系;管道壁厚为影响管道应力的关键因素,其余各因素敏感性从强到弱的排列顺序为,滑坡宽度土体黏聚力内摩擦角管内压力管道埋深.     

海啸的成因及预警

2004年12月26日,印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛附近海域发生8.9级强烈地震,并引发海啸,席卷东南亚、南亚、非洲12国,波及印度洋东、北、西侧海岸。截至发稿时,此次海啸已造成二十多万人死亡,同时也给人类财产造成了巨大损失,成为有史以来最大的海啸大劫难。海啸的破坏力不言而喻。那么,什么是海啸?它是怎样形成的?目前我们该如何才能将海啸对人类的伤害降到最低程度呢?海啸,也叫“津波”、“津浪”,是一种破坏力极强的海浪,是由海底地震、火山爆发或水下塌陷和滑坡等大地活动所激起的灾难性巨浪。破坏性的地震海啸只在海底地质基础出现垂直断层、里…     

输气管道的ANSYS有限元分析研究

本文利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对长距离输气管道进行有限元结构应力应变分析,为输气管道的结构设计提供理论依据,以确保输气管道安全运行。     

海啸

海啸是一种具有强大破坏力的海浪。这种波浪运动引发的狂涛骇浪,汹涌澎湃,它卷起的海涛,波高可达数十米。这种“水墙”内含极大的能量,冲上陆地后所向披靡,往往造成对生命和财产的严重摧残。海啸是一种灾难性的海浪,通常由震源在海底下50千米以内、里氏震级6.5以上的海底地震引起。水下或沿岸山崩或火山爆发也可能引起海啸。地震海啸给人类带来的灾难是十分巨大的。剧烈震动后,巨浪呼啸,越过海岸线,迅猛地袭击城市村庄。事后,海滩上一片狼藉,到处是残木破板和人畜尸体。目前,人类对地震、火山、海啸等突如其来的灾变,只能通过预测、观察来预…     

海啸是可以预防的

造成无数人员生命和财产损失的印度洋大海啸发生后,人们痛定思痛,都在思考这样一个问题:如此严重的自然灾害,为何事先没有预报?海啸的预测、预报是可能的吗? 答案无疑是肯定的。众所周知,海啸大都是由海底地震引发的。海底地壳的突然起伏,会引起海浪。这种海浪不是单个的而是一连串的海浪,它能以每小时500~800     

海底管道抗震分析软件的开发与应用

海底管道的建设往往需要考虑地震和断层的影响,但是目前主要还是参考陆地管道抗震规范,其计算结果与海底管道工程实际存在较大的差距。为提高海底管道应力(应变)分析精度,基于管道-土体之间的相互作用建立了海底管道抗震分析方法,采用C语言和MATLAB平台开发了海底管道抗震分析软件,既可以进行海底管道的地震反应分析、穿越断层分析和弹性时程分析,又可以绘制海底管道的应力-应变曲线、地震波时程曲线和管道时程分析曲线,具有通用性强、交互方便、快速易用等特点,为海底管道的设计、施工提供了技术支持。     

基于DEM-FEM耦合的滑坡作用下输气管道动力响应分析

油气长输管道输送距离长,途径地形地貌复杂多样,沿途地质灾害频发对油气管道的安全输送造成严重威胁与破坏。本文以联络线输气管道横向滑坡为例,通过离散元与有限元单向耦合方式,对管道进行滑坡作用下的动力响应分析。首先通过EDEM离散元软件模拟滑坡过程中土体颗粒对管道的动态冲击过程,分析在滑坡过程中土体颗粒与管道的接触变化以及受力变化,然后将管道所受最大滑坡推力作为荷载导入ANSYS中,模拟得到在滑坡及内压协同作用下管道的应力和位移分布,最后将模拟结果与线上监测数据进行对比。结果表明：由离散元模拟得到滑坡作用下输气管道受力时程变化曲线,在第3秒管道受到的滑坡推力最大,将其导入有限元中模拟得到滑坡段管道等效应力、剪切应力与位移分布云图,将等效应力与实际监测数据进行对比,计算得到相对误差在7.30%以内,因此表明该模型具有一定的可靠性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.