He-HF碰撞体系相互作用势模型的理论研究

根据在CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ理论水平下计算的He-HF相互作用能的数据,作者用Murrell-Sorbie势函数形式构造了He原子与HF分子相互作用各向异性的势模型,并与其它势模型进行了比较;然后采用公认的精确度较高的CC近似方法,计算了He-HF碰撞体系的微分散射截面,计算结果与实验结果符合较好.研究表明,作者所构造的势模型不但表达形式简洁,而且能较好地描写He-HF系统相互作用的各向异性特征;利用碰撞体系分子间势的量子化学从头计算结果,可解决势能参数难以确定的问题.对进一步研究原子与分     

He同位素与HBr碰撞对分波截面的影响

基于构造的各向异性势,用密耦方法求解散射方程,计算了E=40 meV时3He,4He,5He,6He和7He分别与HBr分子碰撞的弹性和非弹性分波截面,详细讨论了氦同位素原子对分波截面的影响.结果表明:对给定的碰撞能量和确定的碰撞体系,激发分波截面比弹性分波截面收敛快;激发态越高,截面收敛越快;尾部效应仅在弹性散射和低激发态中产生,高激发态不产生尾部效应.随着氦同位素原子质量的增大,弹性分波截面和态-态激发分波截面收敛速度变慢,收敛需要的分波数增多.     

He-HBr碰撞体系转动激发截面的研究

作者运用密耦近似方法,计算了能量在100meV下He原子和基态HBr分子碰撞的态-态转动激发截面和碰撞能量分别在100meV,150 meV,200 meV下的总微分截面和总分波截面;总结了该碰撞体系散射截面的变化规律.经研究表明:在低能散射时,弹性散射主要发生在小角部分,非弹性转动激发主要发生在大角部分.     

~3He(~4He)-H_2碰撞体系的相互作用势及微分散射截面的理论研究

运用量子化学从头计算方法,在CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pvtz和CCSD(T)/cc-pvtz理论水平下,计算了3He(4He)-H2相互作用能数据,采用Murrell-Sorbie势函数(M-S势)拟合了3He(4He)原子与H2分子各向异性相互作用势,并用公认精确度较高的密耦方法计算了3He(4He)-H2碰撞体系的微分散射截面,总结了微分散射截面的变化规律。研究表明:拟合势不但表达形式简洁,而且较好地描述了3He(4He)-H2体系相互作用的各向异性特征。     

Ar-HCl体系各向异性相互作用势及转动激发微分截面的理论研究

首先用gaussion03程序在CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ理论水平下计算的Ar-HCl相互作用能数据,得到了Ar原子与HCl分子各向异性相互作用势;并与HWK势进行比较,验证了拟合势的可靠性;然后采用公认的精确度较高的CC近似方法计算了Ar-HCl碰撞体系能量在100meV下Ar原子和HCl分子碰撞的转动激发微分截面,总结了该碰撞体系非弹性微分散射截面的变化规律。     

^3He（^4He）-H2碰撞体系的相互作用势及微分散射截面的理论研究

运用量子化学从头计算方法,在CCSD（T）／aug—cc—pvtz和CCSD（T）／cc-pvtz理论水平下,计算了^3He（^4He）-H2相互作用能数据,采用Murrell—Sorbie势函数（M-S势）拟合了^3He（^4He）原子与H2分子各向异性相互作用势,并用公认精确度较高的密耦方法计算了^3He（^4He）-H2碰撞体系的微分散射截面,总结了微分散射截面的变化规律。研究表明：拟合势不但表达形式简洁,而且较好地描述了^3He（^4He）-H2体系相互作用的各向异性特征。     

拟合的氯化氢分子与He的相互作用势及其碰撞截面的理论研究

根据原子分子碰撞过程确定原子与分子之间的相互作用势是一种比较理想的途径.改进后的MS势能形式是一种形式比较简便、表达函数统一、能够准确描述系统相互作用特征的势能形式.基于MS势模型得到了He-HCl体系相互作用势,计算出了各种微分散射截面、分波截面,从而得到了有关相互作用的重要信息.     

He原子与CN分子相互作用势的理论研究

本文用量子力学从头算方法深入研究了He原子与CN分子的相互作用势,采用QCISD(T)/AUG-CC-PVTZ方法和基组,同时考虑了Boys和Bernardi提出的Full Couterpoise方法,消除了计算中的基组重叠误差(BSSE),通过不同相互作用势比较,得出MS(Maitland-Smith)为准确的He-CN体系相互作用势的解析表达式.并进一步讨论了不同碰撞能量时He原子与CN分子的碰撞的微分截面的变化规律.     

He-AlH体系在转动相互作用势下低能散射的理论研究

用CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV5Z+bf(3s3p2d1f1g)方法,计算He-AlH复合物体系的刚性转动模型相互作用势,使用密耦方法计算了He原子低能入射时与基态AlH分子碰撞的积分截面。计算结果表明:He-AlH碰撞体系,jα=0到jβ=1跃迁的转动激发态—态积分截面,对于非弹性积分截面具有非常重要的作用。     

利用密耦法对惰性元素原子与双原子分子转动激发截面的理论研究

作者运用密耦近似方法,计算了能量在64.0meV下,He原子和基态N2分子碰撞的态-态转动激发微分截面和入射能量分别在27.3meV,40.0meV,64.0meV和80.0meV下的弹性、非弹性和总微分截面;总结了该碰撞体系微分散射截面的变化规律.研究表明:在低能散射时,弹性散射主要发生在小角部分,转动激发非弹性散射主要发生在大角部分.     

He-HCl体系散射截面随能量变化规律的研究

作者首先以拟合在CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ理论水平下计算的He-HCl相互作用能数据,获得了He-HCl体系相互作用的各向异性势,并与其它势模型进行了比较,验证了拟合势的可靠性;然后采用密耦近似方法,计算了He-HCl碰撞体系在不同碰撞能量下的微分散射截面、分波散射截面和总截面,得到了散射截面随能量变化的规律.研究表明:小角散射几率大于大角散射几率;碰撞能量越高,体系的散射几率越小,量子效应越不显著,尾部效应越弱,得到收敛的分波截面所需的分波数也越多.     

He-HCl势能模型对散射截面影响的比较研究

针对He-HCl碰撞体系的3种不同势能模型,采用公认的精确度较高的密耦(close-coupling)近似方法,分别计算了He-HCl体系的微分散射截面、分波散射截面和总截面;并对计算结果进行了比较及分析.研究表明:势能球平均零点能位置、势阱深度、排斥势的强度以及势能在势阱附近的方向性都对散射截面特别是激发截面有较大的影响.从而为根据散射截面准确地确定He-HCl碰撞体系的相互作用势提供了一种新方法.     

Two-electron dissociation of single molecules by atomic manipulation at room temperature

Using the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) to mechanically manipulate individual atoms and molecules on a surface is now a well established procedure. Similarly, selective vibrational excitation of adsorbed molecules with an STM tip to induce motion or dissociation has been widely demonstrated. Such experiments are usually performed on weakly bound atoms that need to be stabilized by operating at cryogenic temperatures. Analogous experiments at room temperature are more difficult, because they require relatively strongly bound species that are not perturbed by random thermal fluctuations. But manipulation can still be achieved through electronic excitation of the atom or molecule by the electron current tunnelling between STM tip and surface at relatively high bias voltages, typically 1-5 V. Here we use this approach to selectively dissociate chlorine atoms from individual oriented chlorobenzene molecules adsorbed on a Si(111)-7 x 7 surface. We map out the final destination of the chlorine daughter atoms, finding that their radial and angular distributions depend on the tunnelling current and hence excitation rate. In our system, one tunnelling electron has nominally sufficient energy to induce dissociation, yet the process requires two electrons. We explain these observations by a two-electron mechanism that couples vibrational excitation and dissociative electron attachment steps.     

利用ABEEM模型在分子形貌轮廓上计算几个五元环配合物的分子静电势

分子的许多物理和化学性质都与其静电势密切相关.分子静电势是指分子在空间某一位置产生的分子静电作用势能,分子之间的相互作用可以通过静电势这个物理量来表述.利用ABEEMσπ模型计算出回归到各原子位点的电荷分布,结合自编Fortran程序可快速计算得到分子的静电势,将其投影到分子形貌轮廓上,即可得到在分子形貌上的静电势分布图.笔者选取咪唑、吡唑、噻吩、噻唑和异噻唑等五元环配合物作为模型分子,分别采用从头计算方法和ABEEM模型方法计算它们的分子静电势,并将其投影到分子形貌上.通过比较,ABEEM模型方法不仅可以快速计算分子的静电势,且与从头计算所得结果一致.     

Using photoemission spectroscopy to probe a strongly interacting Fermi gas

Ultracold atomic gases provide model systems in which to study many-body quantum physics. Recent experiments using Fermi gases have demonstrated a phase transition to a superfluid state with strong interparticle interactions. This system provides a realization of the 'BCS-BEC crossover' connecting the physics of Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superconductivity with that of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Although many aspects of this system have been investigated, it has not yet been possible to measure the single-particle excitation spectrum (a fundamental property directly predicted by many-body theories). Here we use photoemission spectroscopy to directly probe the elementary excitations and energy dispersion in a strongly interacting Fermi gas of (40)K atoms. In the experiments, a radio-frequency photon ejects an atom from the strongly interacting system by means of a spin-flip transition to a weakly interacting state. We measure the occupied density of single-particle states at the cusp of the BCS-BEC crossover and on the BEC side of the crossover, and compare these results to that for a nearly ideal Fermi gas. We show that, near the critical temperature, the single-particle spectral function is dramatically altered in a way that is consistent with a large pairing gap. Our results probe the many-body physics in a way that could be compared to data for the high-transition-temperature superconductors. As in photoemission spectroscopy for electronic materials, our measurement technique for ultracold atomic gases directly probes low-energy excitations and thus can reveal excitation gaps and/or pseudogaps. Furthermore, this technique can provide an analogue of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy for probing anisotropic systems, such as atoms in optical lattice potentials.     

核极化对K~-原子能级的修正

基于SIC-Xα的较为严格的计算方法,对Κ-Pb原子体系中的Rydberg电子态的交换参数采用自洽场模型,并考虑Rydberg电子与原子实间相互作用的影响.借助此方法计算核极化用以修正C.J.Batty光学模型势下的Κ-Pb能级跃迁,整个计算过程不依赖任何经验参数,结果比经典方法更为精确,为奇异原子的深入分析提供了理论参考.     

Excitation energy transfer mechanisms in allophycocyanin (Ⅰ)——Energy transfer mechanisms in monomer

The mechanisms of excitation energy transfer within allophycocyanin monomer with the theory of generalized master equation (GME) and the technique of time-resolved fluorescence anisotropic spectroscopy are studied. In the case of known information of its structure and spectra, the theory applied is based on the assumption that the coupling interaction between two chromophores is fairly weak. The theory correctly predicts the experimentlly observed rate for excitation energy transfer in allophycocyanin monomer. Based on the results, the energy transfer mechanism can be described as Forster and these processes cannot take place from the high vibrational levels of donor to acceptor.