基于动态规划的最优化医学超声图像边缘提取

动态规划（DP）是一种解决多阶段决策过程最优化的方法。图像边缘提取时为了使系统输出具有最小的不确定性，考虑最优化判据是必要的。动态规划算法用于图像的边缘检测主要是获得一个图像的最低能量代价阵的过程，而图像的边缘对应于最低代价阵中的终止点和起始点之间能量梯度降低最快的路径，由此可以由最低代价阵勾勒出需要的边缘。对于质量较差的图像，可以先用梯度算子和一种LUM滤波器相结合进行预滤波。实验表明，基于该算法用于超声图像的边缘检测要获得全局最优的稳定的边缘线，是一种理想的最优化算法。     

基于层内相关性的小波相位边缘检测

图像的边缘检测是提取图像信息的主要方法,是计算机视觉和图像识别的基础,传统的边缘检测大都是基于各种算子的,这些算子在检测边缘的同时特别是对含噪图像的边缘检测难以达到理想的效果.充分利用小波变换的特点,提出一种基于层内相关性的小波相位边缘检测方法,利用小波变换后边缘点与周围局部范围内各点在相位上的相关性提取边缘.实验结果表明,本文方法在很好的检测出边缘的同时,并有较强的去噪功能.     

Sobel边缘检测的细化

边缘检测是数字图像处理中基础而又重要的课题,Sobel算子是图像边缘检测中常用的方法之一。首先将Sobel与其他几种常用的边缘检测算子进行分析和比较,对经典的Sobel算子进行更深入的研究,Sobel算子的优点在于检测速度快,对噪声都具有平滑作用,对噪声具有一定的抑制能力;虽然产生了较好的边缘效果,但也存在一些问题:检测出了一些伪边缘,使得边缘比较粗,降低了检测定位精度。针对Sobel算子存在的问题,研究学者提出了一些改进的方法,如:扩展检测模板,边缘跟踪等方法,在分析这些方法的基础上,提出一种新的简单的Sobel算子改进方法。这种方法在经典的Sobel算法检测出的边缘的基础上对边缘进行细化,实验证明该方法有效解决了Sobel算子边缘检测时边缘过粗的问题,得到的边缘较细,定位精确。     

基于次序统计滤波器的阶跃边缘检测

在二值图像的边缘检测理论中,经典的方法是用固定的卷积核构成边缘检测算子,如Sobel算子,Prewitt算子,Kirsch算子和Roberts算子等。它们对数字图像边缘的复杂几何结构缺乏算法自适应性。现作者将随机滤波的思想引入边缘检测,用次序统计滤波器构造随机卷积核,从而引入一种新的随边缘检测算子,将OSF边缘算子,并分别对雷达图像和文本图像实施边缘检测。实验结果证明了OSF边缘算子的有效性。     

边缘检测算子及其在结构光三维重构技术中的应用

研究了几种经典的图像边缘检测算子,并利用这些算子进行图像的边缘检测,总结出相对比较有效的图像边缘检测算子——坎尼边缘算子。最后利用坎尼边缘算子实现畸变图像特征参数提取,为结构光三维重构系统提供依据。     

一种基于关联度的边缘检测方法

边缘检测是决定图像后期处理及理解的基础,本文提出了一种基于不同权重系数的关联度图像边缘检测算法,该算法以Sobel算子模版为参考序列,通过序列之间的关联度区分边缘点和非边缘点,实验表明,该算法能准确的检测出图像的边缘信息,且其随着权重系数的不同体现出不同的抗噪性．     

图像处理中边缘检测算法性能的分析

数字图像处理和计算机视觉有一个基本问题就是边缘检测。图像中会有亮度变化比较明显的点就是图像的边缘。图像的边缘表现出了图像的位置信息、轮廓特征等。边缘检测现在只要应用在分析和处理图像中,像提取图像特征、分割图像、增强图像、复原图像、模式识别、图像压缩等。本文介绍了边缘检测算法中的几种经典边缘检测算法,讨论了这几种经典的边缘检测算子的若干性能判据,通过实验验证:不同的边缘检测算子对分辨率不同的图像性能变化是不同的。     

图像边缘检测算法的比较与分析

图像边缘检测是图像处理和模式识别领域研究的重要课题.介绍了几种经典边缘检测算子,对其性能和算法特点进行了分析.运用Matlab进行了算法的仿真,结果表明LOG算子比Sobel和Prewitt两个算子检测出的图像边缘更为连续,也比较细小.     

含噪图像的快速边缘检测算法

提出了一种在含噪图像中检测边缘的快速算法。通过分析噪声的导数与边缘的导数的分布特点,推导出了三类模板算子：差分算子、邻域积分算子和非极值抑制算子。差分算子用于突出边缘,邻域积分算子用于抑制噪声,非极值抑制算子用于提取准确的边缘点。与Canny算子的对比实验表明,在弱噪声下,检测结果两者相当;在强噪声下,结果优于Canny算子,并且计算量仅为Canny算子的40%。     

一种基于偏微分方程的形态学边缘检测新方法

提出一种基于偏微分方程(PDE)的形态学腐蚀算子．在边缘检测中，直接对原图像求取一阶差分，利用该形态学腐蚀算子增强边缘梯度、降低噪声的影响，突破了传统的先低通滤波后计算梯度的边缘检测思路．形态学运算不会带来边缘位置的偏移，因此能够对图像的边缘准确定位，同时具有抗噪性．将新方法的边缘检测性能和Canny算子、Log算子做了比较，结果表明提出的边缘定位方法更加准确，具有更好的抗噪性能．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.