螺旋桨搅拌槽内流动场二维数值模拟

利用二维ｋ－ε模型对搅拌槽内流动场进行了数值分析,模型成功地预报了叶轮区流动特性,定性描述了循环区运动形式,计算考察了不同桨槽径比（Ｄ／Ｔ）下宏观流动场变化。计算结果表明,湍流能量主要产生和消耗于叶轮区及近壁区域、循环区域内湍流能量值很小。     

搅拌槽内轴向对流循环的试验

以搅拌槽内单相湍流流场为研究对象,采用相位多普勒粒子分析仪(PDPA)对MK和ZHX搅拌器进行流场测试,得到不同几何参数的搅拌器在不同工况下的时均速度场分布.在此基础上计算挡板前轴向速度梯度的分布,由速度梯度的衰减确定搅拌槽内轴向对流循环的有效作用范围,并考察桨型、叶轮离底间隙和叶轮转速对轴向对流循环有效作用范围的影响.试验结果表明,在液面高度等于槽径时,轴流桨搅拌槽内轴向对流循环的有效作用范围与桨型、叶轮离底间隙和叶轮转速无关,高度为槽径的2/3.     

高固含固液搅拌槽内颗粒悬浮与混合特性

对高固含体系下Intermig桨搅拌槽内的桨叶搅拌性能以及颗粒的混合与悬浮特性进行实验研究.采用光导纤维技术对不同桨径、搅拌转速和桨叶离底距离下搅拌槽内底部以及轴向颗粒密度进行测量,同时对临界悬浮转速和搅拌功率进行测定.实验结果表明:对高固含液-固搅拌体系,所采用的Intermig搅拌桨具有很好的轴向混合特性,该桨适合在较大的桨径和较低的桨叶离底距离下应用,可在促进颗粒悬浮与均匀分布的同时,大大降低功率消耗.通过对实验结果的分析和拟合得出底部均匀度与搅拌槽内弗劳德数有关,Q=0.58Fr-0.35,Intermig搅拌桨功率准数在0.2 ～0.3之间,且与雷诺数关系为NP=2.1Re-0.2.     

过渡流搅拌槽内单颗粒悬浮特性的实验研究

利用高速摄像技术对过渡流搅拌槽内单颗粒的运动特性进行捕捉,分析了搅拌雷诺数及桨叶离底高度对颗粒悬浮运动的影响规律,并使用二维粒子图像测速技术得到搅拌槽内的流场信息。研究结果表明：颗粒的临界悬浮转速随桨叶离底高度的降低而降低;桨叶离底高度对颗粒在槽底的运动影响较大;颗粒在垂直离底悬浮后,于桨盘下方附近螺旋上升或作持续的螺旋状圆周运动;搅拌雷诺数升高对颗粒垂直上升的最大高度和最大速度影响较小,但会减小垂直上升过程中桨盘的转动圈数;颗粒螺旋上升是由于轴向流场在颗粒停滞位置向两侧产生了分叉;颗粒的悬浮主要是由流体的主体流动引起的。     

运用CFD研究钟摆式搅拌的混合效率

设计了一种钟摆式搅拌槽,对槽内流场和混合过程进行了数值模拟,分析了槽内流体的流动特性及加料方式对混合效果的影响。并对混合效率进行了评定.结果表明:钟摆式搅拌槽内桨叶上方区域的混合比桨叶下方要好;考察加料位置的影响时,自由液面加料的混合效果优于底部加料;整体来讲,自由液面加料时钟摆式搅拌槽的混合效率比较高,与三窄叶翼形搅拌桨相接近,槽底部加料时的混合效率要低一些,与六直叶圆盘涡轮桨相当.     

组合桨层间距对搅拌槽内流动特性的影响

采用粒子图像测速技术(PIV)对三层组合桨(HEDT+2WHU)搅拌槽(槽径0.476m)内的流动特性进行了研究,在搅拌转速、顶桨浸没深度和顶层桨高度不变的情况下,得到了中层桨位置的变化对搅拌槽内的流型、相位解析速度场和湍流动能的影响规律。结果表明,中层桨位置的改变对搅拌槽上部区域流体的流动特性影响显著,而对搅拌槽下部区域流体的流动特性产生影响较小;随中层桨位置降低,槽上部液面处反向回流区逐步缩小直至消失,中、顶层桨合并轴向流断裂,底桨上涡环作用范围不断压缩;对于相位解析速度场,较之中层桨尾涡几乎没有变化,顶桨尾涡的发展由极其微弱逐渐清晰,底桨尾涡则提前了10°相位出现;对于湍流动能分布,中、上层桨逐渐趋向于类似两层桨单独作用,底、中层桨间整体湍流动能增大。     

偏心搅拌槽内高浓度浆液颗粒的悬浮特性

以直径为0.34 m的无挡板平底圆筒形搅拌槽为研究对象,对偏心搅拌槽内高浓度浆液中颗粒的悬浮特性进行了数值研究,分析了45°的4斜叶开启涡轮式搅拌桨(PBT)和3窄叶整体板式螺旋桨(ZHX)2种桨型在不同偏心率和转速时,搅拌槽内的流型分布、颗粒体积分数分布、完全离底临界悬浮转速以及功率消耗,并与试验结果进行了对比.结果表明:对于高浓度浆液,偏心搅拌打破了中心搅拌时流场结构的对称性,提高了流体的轴向循环能力,颗粒悬浮效果优于中心搅拌;固体颗粒的悬浮效果与搅拌桨在槽内的偏心位置有关,当偏心率E=0.4时颗粒悬浮效果最佳,但偏心搅拌会增大颗粒的完全离底临界悬浮转速和设备的功率消耗,不利于节能降耗.     

搅拌槽内非牛顿流体流动场的数值模拟

对搅拌槽内非牛顿流体湍流流动的数值研究还很缺乏.文中尝试利用k-ε模型计算了假塑性流体羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)水溶液在搅拌槽内的三维流动场,并与粒子成像测速(PIV)法测得的实验结果进行了比较.计算结果表明,非牛顿流体CMC水溶液的宏观流动场与牛顿流体(水)的流动场有较大差异,主要是主体流动减弱,并在叶端附近形成涡旋流动.主体流动区内的速度分布与PIV测量结果吻合较好.剪切速率在槽内的分布相差较大,桨叶附近与槽壁处的剪切速率较大,在主体流动区域较小.     

固-液搅拌槽内槽底流场的CFD模拟

使用计算流体力学CFD软件CFX-5.5.1对搅拌槽内固液流场进行了数值模拟。搅拌槽直径T=476mm, 槽内均布四块挡板,搅拌桨为CBYⅢ桨。两相物系采用玻璃珠-水体系,固体体积分数Фv为5.4%。文中使用标准κ-ε模型计算了清水与固液两相的流场,考察了槽内的流场的分布对固体颗粒悬浮状况的影响,同时把槽底的清水和Фv为5.4%的固液两相模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比,模拟结果与实验较吻合。     

四斜叶桨搅拌槽内部流场PIV试验研究

针对搅拌槽内非牛顿流体混合不均匀问题,基于无接触式粒子图像测速技术(PIV)研究了四斜叶桨带挡板搅拌槽内非牛顿流体流场流动状况.PIV试验采用透明的黄原胶溶液作为非牛顿流体.试验结果表明:搅拌转速的变化不仅改变流场的流型,也改变流场的流速分布、湍动能分布及涡量分布的位置和大小;随着搅拌转速的减小,主循环流和反向小循环流的涡心向上偏移,同时在向上偏移过程中,涡型逐渐减小,电机驱动功率也随着搅拌转速的减小而减小;黄原胶溶液质量分数的增大影响了流场的主循环流的流动范围,使搅拌桨下部区域的流动强度明显减小,同时也导致了整个流场流速降低和流体流动传递距离减小,故高搅拌转速是非常有必要的.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to