CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+调节性T细胞在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达情况.方法应用免疫组化SP法检测42例原发口腔鳞状细胞癌患者的癌组织和20例口腔良性肿瘤患者正常黏膜上皮组织中Foxp3的表达,采用χ2检验进行统计学分析.结果 Foxp3阳性的CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达显著高于正常口腔黏膜组织,差异具有显著统计学意义(P0.01).Foxp3蛋白表达与肿瘤分化程度相关,在高、中分化组为63.64%,低分化组为100%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).且其阳性率与肿瘤TNM分期相关,Foxp3蛋白表达在Ⅲ~+Ⅳ期阳性率为88.24%,在Ⅰ~+Ⅱ期表达的阳性率为60%(P0.05).Foxp3蛋白表达与患者年龄、性别、淋巴结转移未见明显相关性(P0.05).结论 CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Treg细胞在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的大量浸润与肿瘤的发生、发展、浸润、转移密切相关,可能是导致口腔鳞状细胞癌患者不能进行有效抗肿瘤免疫的重要原因之一.     

原发性肝癌患者射频消融后外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞对预后的影响

目的研究射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌患者外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细水平与预后的关系.方法回顾性分析102例原发性肝癌患者经射频消融治疗后外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+/CD4+比值与生存时间的关联.结果原发性肝癌患者射频术后CD4+CD25+Foxp3+细胞占CD4+T的比例显著降低,与临床分期、肿瘤大小、AFP水平相关.CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞数目与生存率相关.结论原发性肝癌患者射频消融治疗后外周血Treg水平是判断预后的独立预测指标.     

外源性透明质酸减少R5-HIV对CD4~+T细胞感染的研究（英文）

目的探讨外源性透明质酸(HA)是否可以降低巨噬细胞嗜性(CCR5依赖,R5)人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)对CD4+T细胞的感染性。方法首先用TZM-bl细胞和未受刺激的CD4+T细胞检测,以评估外源性透明质酸(HA)能否降低R5-HIV的感染性。用透明质酸酶去处理未受刺激的CD4+T细胞,研究内源性HA对R5-HIV感染性的影响。最后,同时测量外源性和内源性透明质酸(HA)对R5-HIV对CD4+T细胞粘和力的影响。结果 (1)100μg外源性HA处理能够显著降低R5-HIV感染TZM-bl细胞和未受刺激的CD4+T细胞(P<0.001)。(2)透明质酸酶处理可增强HIV的感染性,但是如果加上100μg外源性HA可以逆转透明质酸酶的处理(P<0.001)。(3)100μg外源性HA可以减少R5-HIV对CD4+T细胞的粘和力,透明质酸酶处理可以提高R5-HIV对CD4+T细胞的粘和力(P<0.001)。结论外源性HA减少R5-HIV对未受刺激的CD4+T细胞的感染性,而透明质酸酶处理可以提高R5-HIV对CD4+T细胞的粘和力,能增强R5-HIV对CD4+T细胞的感染性。     

体外激活CD8~+T细胞表达CD69及γ-干扰素的研究

目的 :研究正常人外周血CD8+T细胞体外活化表达早期活化标志CD69分子及γ -干扰素 (IFN -γ)的规律 方法 :以佛波醇酯 (PDB) +离子霉素 (Ion)或植物血凝素 (PHA)体外活化人外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC) ,利用流式细胞术分析CD8+T细胞表达CD69及IFN -γ的情况 结果 :PDB +Ion和PHA活化CD8+T细胞CD69的表达率 ( % )分别为 78.4± 5.3和 2 7.4± 4 .4 ( x±s) ,明显高于对照组 ( 1.5± 0 .6) (P <0 .0 5) 当monensin存在时以PDB +Ion及PHA刺激 4h后IFN -γ阳性CD8+T细胞的百分比分别为 2 9.7± 6.5及 5.9± 1.8,均明显高于对照组 ( 0 .7± 0 .2 ) (P <0 .0 5) ,其中前者表达率高于后者 (P <0 .0 5) 结论 :PDB +Ion和PHA均可刺激CD8+T细胞表达CD69以及IFN -γ ,前者的刺激作用明显强于后者     

TCRαβ+CD4-CD8-细胞在胚胎胸腺器官培养中的发育特征

为研究TCRαβ + CD4 - CD8 - 双阴性(DN)胸腺细胞在胚胎胸腺中的发育特征,采用胚胎胸腺器官培养(FTOC)体系、免疫荧光标记与流式细胞仪检测技术,对FTOC体系中不同发育阶段(第9天和第18天)的TCRαβ +DN细胞的增殖、分化及凋亡特性进行了分析.结果表明,抗CD3单抗能够显著促进FTOC第18天的TCRαβ + DN细胞的增殖,对FTOC第9天的TCRαβ + DN细胞作用相对较弱.IL-7能够促进FTOC第9天的TCRαβ + DN细胞向TCRαβ + CD4 + /CD8 + SP细胞分化;对FTOC第18天的TCRαβ + DN细胞促分化作用明显减弱.胸腺基质细胞系MTEC5细胞可调节IL-7的促分化作用.同时,实验发现在FTOC体系中的TCRαβ + DN细胞是一群不易凋亡的细胞,从而对该特殊亚群胸腺细胞的发育分化特性获得了新的认识.     

CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞在肺癌患者外周血中的表达

目的探讨肺癌患者外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞的变化及其与临床病理因素的关系。方法用流式细胞术检测60例肺癌患者和60例健康对照者的CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞数量变化。结果肺癌患者外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞水平明显高于正常组（P〈0．05）,其变化与病理分期和是否有转移有关（P〈0．05）,而和性别、家族史、病理类型和肿瘤体积等无关。结论CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞可能在肿瘤免疫中发挥重要作用,导致和促进肺癌的发生和转移。     

低剂量Activin A通过激活CD8+T细胞发挥抗肿瘤效应

Activin A属于转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)超家族中的多功能细胞因子,存在于多种免疫细胞中.CD8⁺T细胞是发挥抗肿瘤活性的主要免疫细胞类型.以H22细胞移植瘤模型旨在探讨Activin A对CD8⁺T细胞功能的调控和作用机制.本研究首先在分离出的CD8⁺T细胞上发现Activin A受体及下游信号分子的表达.体外实验表明Activin A对小鼠H22肝癌细胞系的凋亡及增殖无显著影响.H22荷瘤鼠的体内研究发现低浓度Activin A抑制肿瘤生长,高浓度Activin A促进肿瘤生长.在Activin A对肿瘤CD8⁺T细胞作用的研究中,发现大剂量Activin A处理的肿瘤中CD8⁺T细胞含量减少,小剂量Activin A处理组中CD8⁺T细胞含量则增加.以上数据表明,不同剂量的Activin A可能通过调控CD8⁺T细胞的浸润对肿瘤的生长发挥双重作用.     

肿瘤患者外周血CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞TCR Vβ基因克隆化分析

目的探讨肿瘤患者T细胞抗原受体(TCR)Vβ基因克隆化改变特征.方法应用多引物巢式PCR技术检测肿瘤患者外周血CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞TCR Vβ基因22个亚家族的克隆化改变,与正常对照组比较,分析肿瘤患者TCR单克隆改变的特点.结果 CD8+T细胞TCRVβ基因亚家族单克隆改变的数量多于CD4+T细胞;肿瘤患者的CD4+T细胞中,只有Vβ2,Vβ7和Vβ8三个亚家族单克隆改变高于正常对照组(P0.01或P0.05),其他Vβ亚家族单克隆改变与正常对照组无明显差异.肿瘤患者的CD8+T细胞中,有14个Vβ亚家族单克隆改变均高于正常对照组(P0.01或P0.05);4组肿瘤患者中,CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞的TCR Vβ7亚家族的单克隆改变均明显高于正常对照组(P0.01或P0.05).结论通过检测TCR Vβ基因克隆化改变,可以初步了解T细胞对肿瘤的免疫应答状况.     

调衡方抗荷瘤小鼠Lewis肺癌转移的实验研究

探讨了调衡方对小鼠Lewis肺癌自发性肺转移的作用及其机制.将传代培养的Lewis肺癌细胞接种于C57BL小鼠右腋皮下建立Lewis肺癌模型,灌胃给药12 d后观察肺表面转移率;常规石蜡切片HE染色,观察肺内转移灶的数量和大小;并采用免疫组化等方法检测肺组织中CD4+、CD8+T细胞量及血清中恶性肿瘤特异性生长因子(tumor specific growth factor,TSGF)的水平.结果显示调衡方在25、50 g/kg剂量下,可增加荷瘤小鼠肺组织中CD4+、CD8+T细胞量,对外周血中TSGF的水平及瘤块的增长有显著地抑制作用.研究结果显示诃衡方通过抑制小鼠外周血TSGF的水平及增加CD4+、CD8+T细胞量,从而抑制肿瘤细胞的侵袭转移.     

一种中药复方对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞PD-1/PD-L1表达的影响

为了探讨中药复方对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞PD-1/PD-L1的表达情况,以及CD3~+CD4~+和CD3~+CD8~+T淋巴细胞比例的影响,采用传统熬制中药的方法得到中药复方提取液,按低、中、高3个浓度对小鼠灌胃给药(1次/d),2周后,采用脑脊髓脱臼法处死小鼠,利用Real-time PCR和流式细胞仪检测脾脏PD-1/PD-L1的表达情况以及淋巴细胞亚型的变化。结果表明,随着中药提取液浓度的增加,脾脏淋巴细胞PD-1的表达显著降低,而PD-L1的表达无显著变化;CD3~+CD4~+型和CD3~+CD8~+型T淋巴细胞的比例均显著增加。所研制的中药复方能抑制淋巴细胞PD-1的表达,激活免疫辅助细胞和效应细胞,有望应用于抗肿瘤的免疫治疗。     

CD4+ murine T cells develop from CD8+ precursors in vivo

The adult murine thymus contains four subpopulations of thymocytes defined by the T-cell surface antigens CD4 (L3T4) (a marker of helper T cells) and CD8 (Lyt2) (a marker of cytotoxic/suppressor T cells): CD4+8- and CD4-8+ (single positives), CD4+8+ (double positives) and CD4-8- (double negatives). To understand how T cells develop in the thymus, it is important to determine the lineage relationships among these subpopulations. In particular, the status of double positives, which make up approximately 80% of the total thymocyte population, has long been controversial. Some purpose that double positives are 'dead-end cells' that all die in the thymus, perhaps because they have been rejected by some selection process. Others suggest that, although most double positives die in the thymus, some develop into the more mature single positives that leave the thymus. The experiments presented here show that repeated injections of anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies block the development of CD4+ cells, demonstrating that these cells develop from CD8+ precursors, probably double positive thymocytes, in vivo.     

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells control Leishmania major persistence and immunity

The long-term persistence of pathogens in a host that is also able to maintain strong resistance to reinfection, referred to as concomitant immunity, is a hallmark of certain infectious diseases, including tuberculosis and leishmaniasis. The ability of pathogens to establish latency in immune individuals often has severe consequences for disease reactivation. Here we show that the persistence of Leishmania major in the skin after healing in resistant C57BL/6 mice is controlled by an endogenous population of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. These cells constitute 5-10% of peripheral CD4+ T cells in naive mice and humans, and suppress several potentially pathogenic responses in vivo, particularly T-cell responses directed against self-antigens. During infection by L. major, CD4+CD25+ T cells accumulate in the dermis, where they suppress-by both interleukin-10-dependent and interleukin-10-independent mechanisms-the ability of CD4+CD25- effector T cells to eliminate the parasite from the site. The sterilizing immunity achieved in mice with impaired IL-10 activity is followed by the loss of immunity to reinfection, indicating that the equilibrium established between effector and regulatory T cells in sites of chronic infection might reflect both parasite and host survival strategies.     

Different patterns of peripheral migration by memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells

Infections localized to peripheral tissues such as the skin result in the priming of T-cell responses that act to control pathogens. Activated T cells undergo migrational imprinting within the draining lymph nodes, resulting in memory T cells that provide local and systemic protection. Combinations of migrating and resident memory T cells have been implicated in long-term peripheral immunity, especially at the surfaces that form pathogen entry points into the body. However, T-cell immunity consists of separate CD4(+) helper T cells and CD8(+) killer T cells, with distinct effector and memory programming requirements. Whether these subsets also differ in their ability to form a migrating pool involved in peripheral immunosurveillance or a separate resident population responsible for local infection control has not been explored. Here, using mice, we show key differences in the migration and tissue localization of memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells following infection of the skin by herpes simplex virus. On resolution of infection, the skin contained two distinct virus-specific memory subsets; a slow-moving population of sequestered CD8(+) T cells that were resident in the epidermis and confined largely to the original site of infection, and a dynamic population of CD4(+) T cells that trafficked rapidly through the dermis as part of a wider recirculation pattern. Unique homing-molecule expression by recirculating CD4(+) T effector-memory cells mirrored their preferential skin-migratory capacity. Overall, these results identify a complexity in memory T-cell migration, illuminating previously unappreciated differences between the CD4(+) and CD8(+) subsets.     

半刚性振转靶模型在H+CD4→HD+CD3反应散射中的应用

应用半刚性振转靶 (SVRT)模型和含时波包法对H CD4 →HD CD3反应体系进行了量子计算 ,给出了该体系基态的反应几率 ,散射截面和热速率常数等量子结果 ,并比较了H同位素D在该体系中的替代效应     

CD4+ T-cell help controls CD8+ T-cell memory via TRAIL-mediated activation-induced cell death

The 'help' provided by CD4+ T lymphocytes during the priming of CD8+ T lymphocytes confers a key feature of immune memory: the capacity for autonomous secondary expansion following re-encounter with antigen. Once primed in the presence of CD4+ T cells, 'helped' CD8+ T cells acquire the ability to undergo a second round of clonal expansion upon restimulation in the absence of T-cell help. 'Helpless' CD8+ T cells that are primed in the absence of CD4+ T cells, in contrast, can mediate effector functions such as cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion upon restimulation, but do not undergo a second round of clonal expansion. These disparate responses have features of being 'programmed', that is, guided by signals that are transmitted to naive CD8+ T cells during priming, which encode specific fates for their clonal progeny. Here we explore the instructional programme that governs the secondary response of CD8+ T cells and find that helpless cells undergo death by activation-induced cell death upon secondary stimulation. This death is mediated by tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Regulation of Trail expression can therefore account for the role of CD4+ T cells in the generation of CD8+ T cell memory and represents a novel mechanism for controlling adaptive immune responses.     

The duration of antigen receptor signalling determines CD4+ versus CD8+ T-cell lineage fate

Signals elicited by binding of the T-cell antigen receptor and the CD4/CD8 co-receptor to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules control the generation of CD4+ (helper) or CD8+ (cytotoxic) T cells from thymic precursors that initially express both co-receptor proteins. These precursors have unique, clonally distributed T-cell receptors with unpredictable specificity for the self-MHC molecules involved in this differentiation process. However, the mature T cells that emerge express only the CD4 (MHC class II-binding) or CD8 (MHC class I-binding) co-receptor that complements the MHC class-specificity of the T-cell receptor. How this matching of co-receptor-defined lineage and T-cell-receptor specificity is achieved remains unknown, as does whether signalling by the T-cell receptors, co-receptors and/or general cell-fate regulators such as Notch-1 contributes to initial lineage choice, to subsequent differentiation processes or to both. Here we show that the CD4 versus CD8 lineage fate of immature thymocytes is controlled by the co-receptor-influenced duration of initial T-cell receptor-dependent signalling. Notch-1 does not appear to be essential for this fate determination, but it is selectively required for CD8+ T-cell maturation after commitment directed by T-cell receptors. This indicates that the signals constraining CD4 versus CD8 lineage decisions are distinct from those that support subsequent differentiation events such as silencing of co-receptor loci.     

CD4+ T cells are required for secondary expansion and memory in CD8+ T lymphocytes

A long-standing paradox in cellular immunology concerns the conditional requirement for CD4+ T-helper (T(H)) cells in the priming of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in vivo. Whereas CTL responses against certain viruses can be primed in the absence of CD4+ T cells, others, such as those mediated through 'cross-priming' by host antigen-presenting cells, are dependent on T(H) cells. A clearer understanding of the contribution of T(H) cells to CTL development has been hampered by the fact that most T(H)-independent responses have been demonstrated ex vivo as primary cytotoxic effectors, whereas T(H)-dependent responses generally require secondary in vitro re-stimulation for their detection. Here, we have monitored the primary and secondary responses of T(H)-dependent and T(H)-independent CTLs and find in both cases that CD4+ T cells are dispensable for primary expansion of CD8+ T cells and their differentiation into cytotoxic effectors. However, secondary CTL expansion (that is, a secondary response upon re-encounter with antigen) is wholly dependent on the presence of T(H) cells during, but not after, priming. Our results demonstrate that T-cell help is 'programmed' into CD8+ T cells during priming, conferring on these cells a hallmark of immune response memory: the capacity for functional expansion on re-encounter with antigen.     

CD4+ and CD8+ T cells acquire specific lymphokine secretion potentials during thymic maturation.

Peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes carry out different functions during immune reactions, partly as a result of the distinct patterns of lymphokines that they secrete upon stimulation. Using thymic cells from adult and newborn mice as well as from fetal organ cultures, we show here that this functional differentiation occurs inside the thymus and is completed during the single positive stage by the time the T-cell receptor becomes fully coupled to the intracellular activation pathways leading to lymphokine secretion. Surprisingly, CD4+8- thymocytes differ from their immediate progeny, naive peripheral CD4+ cells, in that they secrete a broader range of lymphokines, including interleukins 4, 5 and 10 and gamma-interferon, and more closely resemble immunologically experienced (activated or memory) CD4+ lymphocytes.