纳米SiO2-Al2O3聚酰亚胺杂化薄膜的制备及表征

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了二氧化硅及三氧化二铝溶胶,将其掺入聚酰胺酸基体中,得到SiO2-Al2O3聚酰亚胺杂化薄膜,对膜的结构性能进行了研究和表征.结果表明,薄膜材料中SiO2和Al2O3粒子分散均匀,与有机相存在键合,材料热分解温度有所提高.     

聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化薄膜的制备与性能研究

首先将3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷接枝到纳米二氧化硅表面,制得表面含有氨基的改性纳米二氧化硅粒子(A—SiO2)。再将A—SiO2按不同比例与酐封端的聚酰胺酸进行反应,最后经热酰胺化过程,得到一系列聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化膜。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、紫外光谱(UV-vis)、热重分析(TGA)、动态机械热分析仪和扫描电镜(SEM)对合成的聚酰亚胺及其二氧化硅杂化薄膜进行了表征。UV-vis光谱表明,通过向聚酰亚胺薄膜中添加A—SiO2可以改变聚酰亚胺薄膜的透光性。TGA测试结果表明,随着A—SiO2含量的增加,聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化薄膜的热稳定性有所提高。由机械性能测试可知,当A—SiO2掺杂量小于1.5%时,聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化膜的机械性能优于纯聚酰亚胺的机械性能,当A—SiO2的掺杂量大于2.0%时,聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化膜的机械性能比纯聚酰亚胺的机械性能差。SEM分析可知当A—SiO2粒子含量小于1.5%时,其在聚酰亚胺基体中分散均匀,当含量大于2.0%时,体系出现明显团聚现象。     

纳米Al203/PI三层复合薄膜的制备与表征

以3,3′,4,4′-二苯酮四甲酸二酐(BTDA)和4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为缩聚单体,利用高压静电纺丝技术制备出纳米Al_2O_3/PAA(聚酰胺酸)复合薄膜.以均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)和4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为原料制备出聚酰胺酸铺膜胶液,在电纺膜的两侧进行流延成膜,并热亚胺化处理.对复合薄膜进行化学组成、微观形貌、耐电晕性能、力学性能和热学性能测试分析.结果表明:复合薄膜的亚胺化较完全,纳米Al_2O_3均匀地分散在聚酰亚胺基体中,在纳米氧化铝掺杂量为6%时综合性能最佳,耐电晕老化时间为12.3 h,是未掺杂纳米氧化铝三层复合薄膜的3倍以上,拉伸强度达到最大值(174 MPa),同时断裂伸长率达到21%.纳米Al_2O_3的加入使得复合薄膜的热稳定性有所提高,起始热分解温度从578.7℃提高到591.3℃.     

超声分散法制备聚酰亚胺／碳纳米管复合材料

以3,3′4,4′-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐(BTDA)及4, 4′-二氨基二苯基醚(ODA)为基本原料, 采用超声分散法,掺入碳纳米管,制备了聚酰亚胺/碳纳米管复合材料. 在不同超声时间、不同超声频率下对纳米粒子进行了分散研究,并对聚酰亚胺/碳纳米管复合材料结构表征,从力学性能,导电性能等方面进行了研究. 研究表明:超声频率325 Hz,超声时间90 min时,碳纳米管在聚酰亚胺膜中得到很好分散,聚酰亚胺/碳纳米管复合材料的力学性能和导电性能优于聚酰亚胺膜.     

聚酰亚胺/纳米金复合材料的制备及其性能研究

以2,2'-双[4-(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷二酐(BPADA)、4,4'-联苯醚二酐(ODPA)和二氨基二苯醚(ODA)三者合成的共聚聚酰亚胺作为稳定剂,氯金酸为纳米金的前驱体,通过直接还原法制备综合性能优异的复合纳米材料.然后对复合材料结构、热性能、机械性能、光学性能进行表征.金纳米粒子在共聚聚酰亚胺基体中分散均匀.在金纳米粒子的负载量达到0.45%之前,复合膜的热稳定性和机械强度均随着纳米金负载量的增加升高,这是因为无机纳米粒子的引入提高复合薄膜的结晶度造成的.当纳米金的负载量超过0.45%时,由于金纳米粒子的团聚是的复合薄膜的热稳定性和机械性能下降.复合膜在可见光区的紫外透过率达到80%左右.     

聚酰亚胺／二氧化硅纳米杂化材料制备

通过溶胶－凝胶方法（sol-gel）,利用已水解的正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）与芳香族的聚酰胺酸（PAA）溶液混和,制备出了不同二氧化硅含量的杂化薄膜。在实验中,首次采用偶联剂来提高无机组分二氧化硅与有机组分聚酰胺酸的相容性,制备各种二氧化硅含量的有机－无机透明的杂化薄膜。扫描电镜分析结果表明,杂化膜的微观相结构与二氧化硅的含量、偶联剂的加入有关。     

聚酰亚胺纳米杂化材料的研究进展

纳米粒子在PI材料中分散性良好,聚酰亚胺(PI)中引入无机纳米粒子,可弥补PI的性能缺陷(如较高的热膨胀系数和较低的吸水性),非常适合对PI改性。本文阐述了PI纳米杂化材料的制备方法以及纳米杂化材料的特点及应用。     

聚酰亚胺/无机物纳米杂化材料的研究Ⅱ.聚酰亚胺(TDPA/ODA)-BaTiO3纳米杂化物的合成与表征

由碳酸钡、钛酸丁酯和乳酸制得钛酸钡多晶相.WAXD和TEM分析表明,该钛酸钡具有典型的钙钛矿结构,粒径为30～50 nm.此钛酸钡纳米粉被成功地分散于聚酰胺酸中并制得聚酰亚胺(TDPA/ODA)杂化材料.TEM和AFM表明低含量(＜1% BaTiO3)的杂化膜,无机物是以＜50 nm的球状颗粒均匀分散于聚酰亚胺基体中,高含量(如30%)杂化膜是具有光滑表面的韧性薄膜.后者介电常数与压电常数比纯聚酰亚胺提高了近一倍.     

聚酰亚胺/无机物纳米杂化材料的研究Ⅱ.聚酰亚胺(TDPA/ODA)-BaTiO_3纳米杂化物的合成与表征

由碳酸钡、钛酸丁酯和乳酸制得钛酸钡多晶相.WAXD和TEM 分析表明, 该钛酸钡具有典型的钙钛矿结构, 粒径为30～50 nm . 此钛酸钡纳米粉被成功地分散于聚酰胺酸中并制得聚酰亚胺(TDPA/ODA) 杂化材料. TEM 和AFM 表明低含量 (< 1% BaTiO3) 的杂化膜, 无机物是以< 50 nm的球状颗粒均匀分散于聚酰亚胺基体中, 高含量 (如30% ) 杂化膜是具有光滑表面的韧性薄膜. 后者介电常数与压电常数比纯聚酰亚胺提高了近一倍.     

硅氧烷成分对PI／SiO2纳米杂化材料性能的影响

介绍了利用溶胶－凝胶方法,采用不同的聚酰胺酸（PAA）与已水解的正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）混合,制备了一系列性能不同的聚酰亚胺／二氧化硅纳米杂化材料,通过热矢重分析、DSC分析,研究了二氧化硅的加入对聚合物耐热性能的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.