时变系统的Laguerre模型辨识及设计变量（2） ——Kalman滤波法

文章考虑动态线性系统的时变参数是平稳的AR（1）变量，系统为时变的Laguerre模型时的传递函数估计的均方误差（MSE）。在缓慢时变和高阶模型下，利用Kalman滤波算法，得到MSE的近似表达式。最后得到了Kalman滤波算法的设计变量的最优解。     

时变系统的FIR模型辩识及设计变量

文章考虑时变系统辨识中辨识设计变量的最优化问题，时变系统的参数可用平稳的AR（1）随机过程描述，时变系的FIR模型递函数估计的均方误差，记作MSE，它可以用一个较简单表达式来逼近它，作者在MSE极小的意义下，给出辨识设计变量的解析表达式。     

时变系统的最优设计变量

考虑时变系统辨识中辨识设计变量的最优化问题。时变系统的参数由随机游动过程描述,讨论时变系统的FIR模型传递函数估计的均方误差(MSE),记作MSE,在新的准则函数极小的意义下,给出某一频率区间上时变系统辨识的设计变量。     

基于梯度的扰动时变系统辨识算法及其收敛性

根据工程背景,提炼出了一类时变系统(亦称为广义时变系统或扰动时变系统)的数学描述模型．扰动时变系统是指参数随系统可测扰动量变化的一类时变系统．利用梯度搜索原理,提出了这类时变系统的投影算法、随机梯度和遗忘梯度辨识方法,并应用鞅超收敛定理分析了算法的收敛性．由于提出的随机梯度算法同时还利用了系统扰动量所含的信息,因而可以给出时变参数的一致估计．数字仿真验证了提出方法的有效性．     

非均匀采样Hammerstein系统的梯度迭代辨识算法

为了解决Hammerstein非线性系统在非均匀采样条件下的辨识问题,该文提出了1种能够用于在线参数估计的梯度迭代算法。通过引入时变后移算子,推导了非均匀采样Hammerstein系统的离散时间模型。采用关键项分离技术将系统参数化为1个线性回归模型。基于辅助模型辨识思想对未知中间变量进行重构,并利用负梯度搜索原理获得模型参数的迭代估计。仿真结果表明,该文方法是有效的,且比辅助模型随机梯度算法具有更快的收敛速度,参数估计精度提高近40倍。     

OFDM系统中基于导频的信道估计及其MATLAB仿真

本文介绍了正交频分复用（OFDM）系统中两类常用的信道估计算法：最小二乘（LS）和最小均方误差（MMSE）。在广义平稳的多径时变瑞利衰落信道模型下,利用MATLAB程序仿真实现了LS、MMSE以及简化的MMSE信道估计,得出了均方误差（MSE）和误符号率（SER）随信噪比（SNR）变化的曲线。仿真结果表明,MMSE算法的效果要优于LS,简化MMSE算法的运算复杂度介于LS和MMSE之间,且估计精度接近MMSE算法。     

基于梯度的结构相似度的图像质量评价方法

虽然基于结构信息的图像质量评价方法——结构相似度（SSIM）模型结构简单、评价性能优于峰值信噪比（PSNR）或均方误差（MSE）模型，但SSIM模型不能较好地评价严重模糊的降质图像．文中提出了一种基于梯度的结构相似度（GSSIM）图像质量评价方法，该方法将梯度作为图像的主要结构信息．实验结果表明，GSSIM模型比SSIM和PSNR（MSE）模型更符合人眼视觉系统特性，能较好地评价模糊图像的质量．     

一种含积分环节系统多步预测多步控制的算法

利用Laguerre正交函数序列对空间函数的良好逼近特性,建立了线性动态系统的Laguerre函数近似模型,该模型不需要对象的阶次和时延等结构知识,通过在线辨识对象的Laguerre系数矩阵,能较好地逼近结构未知系统。另外探讨了含积分环节单变量系统的多步预测和多步控制算法,并进行仿真,结果表明该算法具有较好的控制性能。     

广义时变系统的最小二乘辨识方法

根据工程背景 ,提出了广义时变参数系统的概念。广义时变系统是指参数随系统可测扰动量变化的一类时变系统 ,即参数是系统可测扰动量函数的时变系统 ,提炼出这类时变系统的数学描述模型。根据最优化技术 ,导出了这类模型的两种辨识方法 ,即最小二乘型算法和随机梯度型算法 ,并应用鞅超收敛定理分析了算法的收敛性。分析表明 :由于该方法同时还利用了系统扰动量所含的信息 ,因而可以给出时变参数的一致估计。数字仿真验证了提出方法用于估计广义时变系统的参数是有效的。     

关于并行优化算法的分析

对整体的并行优化算法，如：并行变量分块算法（PVD）、并行梯度分块算法（PGD）、并行变量转换算法（PVT）等进行了分析。这些算法将原最优化问题分解为一系列规模较小的且相互独立的子问题，从而用多台处理机同时对这些子问题求解，减少了工作量、缩短了计算时间。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-