阳极溶出伏安法在环境检测中应用Ⅱ──水产生物体(鱼)中痕量铜、铅、镉、锌的一次测定

阳极溶出伏安法一次测定海水中痕量铜、铅、镉、锌曾已报导[1],我们在文献[1]工作的基础上对带鱼、黄瓜鱼、链鱼、草鱼等四种有代表性的食用鱼,作了对鱼体四元素测定及前化学处理的详细探讨,提出了以银球沾汞汞膜电极的工作电极,伏安法连续一次测定铜、铅、镉、锌四元素,获得满意的结果,回收误差在10%以下。 实验部分 一、仪器和试剂 主要仪器和试剂及电极的制作与维护见文献[1]。 二、电板工作曲线及方法精密度 在0.1M醋酸──醋酸钠缓冲溶液(pH:5.8)的条件下,取0～80Ppb铜、铅、镉和 0～240 ppb锌,在还原电位-1.5V,富集时间 5分钟,从-1.…     

75-3A型快速极谱仪应用于水质分析中铜、铅、镉、锌的测定

快速极谱仪与汞膜电极联用,阳极溶出伏安法同时测定水中铜、铅、镉、锌。在O.15MV氯化铵介质中,调节pH至5.5,于一1.3伏电解10分钟(对Ag-Hg电极),这些金属便电沉积在汞膜电极上,并用记录仪于-1.3伏～-0.1伏记录阳极溶出曲线。10~(-6)M～10~(-8)M的铜、铅、锌和10~(-6)M～10~(-9)M的镉,其浓度与峰高呈线性关系。此法适用于测定水质中的这些痕量元素。     

玻碳汞膜电极阳极溶出法测定河水中痕量镉

镉是工业废水中的有害元素,若渗入井水或流入河水中,将严重影响水的质量,危害人体健康.本文在前人工作的基础上,用阳极溶出法测定了河水中痕量镉。以镀铜焊接式玻碳汞膜电极为工作电极,0.5M NaCl,HCl为支持电解质,控制试液pH为3,氮气作除氧剂,所得镉溶出伏安曲线峰电位为-0.64伏(对S.C.E),镉浓度在1—800ppb范围内峰电流与浓度间呈现良好的线性关系,灵敏度为1×10~(-9)克/毫升.方法应用于成都地区某些河水样品中镉的测定,回收试验误差小于±10％.     

阳极溶出半微分电分析法测定金属铜中痕量铋铅

本文探讨了铋铅在酒石酸－琥珀酸－盐酸肼底液中阳极溶出半微分极谱行为；铋铅均有明晰的阳极洛出峰，其负峰电位分别为－0.09伏（对饱和甘汞电极，以下同）和-0.49伏。 实验结果表明：在上述底液中，可以利用控制电位电解法分离除去大量的铜，并直接进行铋铅的半微分电分析法测定。所以本方法可用之测定高纯铜中痕量铋铅，其它杂质不干扰。铋铅的回收率分别为103％和105％变动系数小于±10％。 方法灵敏度高，分辨率好，仪器设备简单，测定方法快速。     

酒中微量锌的阳极溶出伏安法测定

酒中微量锌与饮酒人的健康有很大的关系。本文提出用阳极溶出伏安法直接测定酒中微量锌,探讨了酒中锌的阳极溶出行为及其测试的最佳条件,在pH=5-6的NH4Cl—HCl底溶中,使用铂基汞膜电极及大面积银汞膜参比电极,富集电位-1.3v,测量锌的溶出峰,Ep=-0.68v,波形良好,不需要分离和化学富集,方法简单,快速,线性范围为2-100ppb,酒中含锌25ppb的相对标准偏差为1.0%,灵敏度0.2ppb,回收率为99—107%之间。     

铋膜修饰碳离子液体糊电极测定痕量铅离子的研究

将疏水性离子液体N-己基吡啶六氟磷酸盐作为粘合剂和修饰剂,与碳粉混合,然后压制到电极管中制备出一种碳离子液体糊电极(CILE).用预镀铋膜法将铋离子沉积在CILE表面制备的铋膜修饰电极(Bi/CILE)作为工作电极,利用阳极溶出伏安法测定痕量铅离子.在p H 5.0的HAcNa Ac缓冲溶液中,当富集电位为-1.4 V,富集时间为300 s,铅离子有一个灵敏的阳极溶出伏安峰,峰电位为-0.457 V(vs.SCE),在8.0×10-8mol/L~4.0×10-5mol/L浓度范围内,氧化溶出峰电流与Pb(II)的浓度呈很好的线性关系,检出限为2.05×10-8mol/L,重现性良好,并将该方法成功用于生活自来水样中铅离子含量的测定.     

玻璃碳电极同位镀汞阳极溶出伏安法同时测定铜、铅、镉、锌的可能性

本文用线性扫描阳极溶出伏安法(ASV)和微分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法(DPS)研究了在同位镀汞玻璃碳电极上同时测定铜、铅、镉、锌的可能性。实验证明同时测定这些离子的困难在于汞齐中形成金属间的化合物;干扰主要取决于铜和辞在汞齐中的相互作用;对一般未污染的环境样品用ASV或DPS同时测定铜、铅、镉或锌、铅、镉不会产生固难;用ASV同时测定铜、铅、镉、锌时在铜的溶出峰前出现一个铜辞化合物中辞的溶出峰,按本文所提出的测量峰电流的方法可以同时测定上述四种离子;用DPS可以用较短的富集时间同时测定这些离子。所制定的方法应用于鉴定蒸馏水及饮用水质量发现,由电加热蒸馏水器得到的蒸馏水会带来铜、铅的污染;济南地区各自来水厂水源中上述离子的含量大大低于国家规定的生活饮用水质标准。     

阳极溶出伏安法在环境检测中的应用1──海水中痕量铜、铅、镉、锌的一次测定

本工作提出用银球沾汞的汞膜电极阳极溶出伏安法一次反向扫描测定河水、海水中ｐｐｂ级的铜、铅、铜、锌的测定方法，并对电极的制备、性能及使用维护和测定方法灵敏度、精密度、回收率及共存离子的干扰状况等作了探索。　　在　０．１Ｍ醋酸──醋酸钠缓冲溶液（ｐＨ　＝　５．８）为底液的海水样品中，应用汞膜电极在外加电压为－１．５伏（对大面积银汞齐电极而言）下电解富集５—１０分钟，从－１．５至零伏间进行阳极溶出，成功地测定了浓度为ｐｐｂ级的铜、铅、镉、锌。回收误差在１０％以下。     

Th-TTA络合吸附伏安法测定痕量钍的研究

本文对吸附伏安法直接测定水体中痕量钍作了研究。在HAc-NaAc介质中钍离子(Th~(4 ))和噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮(HTTA)形成较稳定的三元络合物,先吸附富集在悬汞电极上,后采用阴极溶出伏安法检测痕量钍。控制电位为-0.1伏(VS.SCE)吸附富集3分钟,然后阴极扫描至-1.0伏(VS.SCE),在-0.60伏(VS.SCE)电位处获得一个高灵敏度的还原电流峰。钍离子浓度在2.0×10~(-9)mol·1~(-1)～1.0×10~(-7)mol·1~(-1)范围内,溶出峰高和钍离子浓度呈良好的线性关系,最低检测限达1.0×10~(-9)mol·1~(-1),在含5.0×10~(-8)mol·l~(-1)钍离子的体系中,连续测定七次相对标准偏差为2.51%。同时我们还对该体系的吸附溶出机理和测定条件作了探讨,并利用该法对工业排放废水中的痕量钍进行了测定,其结果良好。     

松花蛋中痕量铅的方波溶出伏安法测定

用方波溶出伏安法测定松花蛋中痕量铅,在抗坏血酸存在下,以0.1 mol/L硝酸溶液为底液,玻碳电极为工作电极,测得铅的溶出峰电位是-0.48 V。峰高与铅浓度在1.00×10-4~1.00×10-6mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,铅的检出限为5.00×10-8mol/L,回收率为90%~108%。此法干扰较少,易于掩蔽,灵敏度较高,适用于松花蛋等食品中微量铅的测定。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.